英语讲义(学生版)

课堂讲义

（一）语音一、音标的分类

二、音标的几个特殊规则

元音：20个

长元音ɑ: ɔ：i：ə：u：

单元音ɔi əu e ʌæ

双元音аi ɔi ei iəeəuəəu аu

辅音： 28个

清辅音 p t k f s θʃ tʃ tr ts h

浊辅音 b d g v z ðʒ dʒ dr dz j w r l m n ŋ

三、辅音群

辅音群（ pl ，tl ，kl ，bl ，dl ，gl ，pr ，tr ，kr ，br ，dr ，gr 等）在单词中要连读，不可分开读，比如：supply ，public ，April ，February...

请对比: [pl] [bl] [kl] [gl]

四、四个连读规则

1. 辅音+ 元音

词与词：What is it? It's an orange.

This ink is made of natural materials.

词内： enable grown -ups dishonest

2. 元音+ 元音

词与词：We are all here for you! He is ganna catch you.

You need to work many hours on it. 词内： New Oriental School science [ˈsa ɪəns] react [ri ˈækt]

3. 部分辅音+ 辅音

词与词：What do you mean? Please just forget that!

You need to kick the board now! 词内： grandparent basketball

notebook 【美音】

display unblock disclose unglue purple table uncle single

4. 变音

词与词：Put your feet down!

What about you?

And you?

词内：congratulations 【美音】

（二）词性

词性的分类

名词(n.)student, China, family, milk

代词(pron.)you, his, herself, these, what, everything

形容词(adj.)good, afraid, interesting

副词(adv.)soon, there, always

动词(vt.&vi.)study, come, sleep

数词(num.)two hundred, fifth, one third

介词(prep.)in, above，to

连词(conj.)so, both...and

冠词(art.)a, an, the

练习：请将方框中的单词按要求进行分类。（10分钟）

desk,, finish, between, either…or, ourselves, map, that, twelve, with, leave,

because, hardly, lunch, know, song, its, over, high, thirtieth, as well as, deep,

usually, ninth, keep, friendly, those, thousand, if, above, lovely, nothing, bag

名词：_________________________________________________________________________ 动词：_________________________________________________________________________ 代词：_________________________________________________________________________ 形容词：_______________________________________________________________________ 副词：_________________________________________________________________________ 介词：_________________________________________________________________________ 连词：_________________________________________________________________________ 数词：_________________________________________________________________________

（三）时态和语态

比较下面的句子：

他经常去北京。He often goes to Beijing.

我经常去北京。I often go to Beijing.

他去过北京。He has been to Beijing.

他被狗咬了。He was bitten by a dog.

他咬了一口汉堡。He bit the hamburger.

时：动作发生的时间；

时态

态：动作发生时的状态；

语态：_________和_________；

英语的时态（16种）：（以perform为例）

一般完成进行完成进行

现在perform;

performs;have / has performed am / is / are

performing

have / has been

performing

过去performed had performed was / were

performing

had been performing

将来will perform will have performed will be performing will have been

performing

过去将来would

perform would have performed would be performing would have been

performing

以do 为例

一般完成进行完成进行

现在have / has been

doing

过去had been doing

将来will have been

doing

过去将来would have done would be doing would have been

doing

真题时间

Though I _____ the phone number many times, the foreigner couldn’t write it down.

A.repeated

B. refused

C. researched

D. recognized

一般过去时

1.过去发生过的动作；

I got to know her in 2008.

2.描述过去的习惯或者常态；

When we were at college we always discussed these problems.