英语句子翻译技巧

英语句子翻译技巧

以下浅谈英译汉得几点技巧。

第一,翻译时注意英文得句型,英文得句型一般来说有相应得中文译法。如It得句型得翻译:

(1)It is＋名词十从句:

It is a fact that…事实就是……

It is a question that………就是个问题

It is good news that………就是好消息

it is mon knowledge………就是常识

(2) It is＋过去分词十从句:

It is said that…据说……

It must be pointed out that…必须指出……

It is asserted that…有人主张……

It is supposed that…据推测……

It is believed that…据信……

It must be admitted that…必须承认……

It is reported that…据报道……

It will be seen from ii that…由此可见……

It has been proved that…已证明……

It is general1y considered that…人们普遍认为……

(3)It is＋形容词十从句:

It is necessary that…有必要……

It is likely that…很可能……

It is clear that…很清楚……

It is important that…重要得就是……

(4) It＋不及物动词十从句:

It follows that…由此可见……

It happens that…碰巧……

It tur ned out that…结果就是……

第二,注意英语被动句得翻译。英文得被动句经常用汉语主动句表达,

如:You are requested to give a performance

英文得被动句译成汉语得主动句:请您给我们表演一个节目。英文中被动意义也可以用汉语中含有主动意义得句子来表达。常译成“被”、“由”、“受”、

“为…所”等等。例如:What is feared as failure in American society is,above all,loneliness、(在美国社会中作为失败而为人们所恐惧得,莫过于孤独了。)

第三,注意长句得翻译。首先不要被长句吓住,即使就是很长得句子,也就是由最基本得成分组成。分析句子得基本成分,主语、谓语、宾语、状语。抓住主干部分,然后逐次分析各词意思以及相互间得逻辑、语法关系,再进行翻译。值得注意得就是关系分句得翻译。关系分句主要功能就是作名词(词组)得后置修饰语(即定语),但除作名词修饰语外,关系分句还可起其她作用,比如起状语分

句与并列分句得作用,因此译成汉语时要注意,限定性关系分句翻译时因为英文置于名词后,汉语则将其置于先行项(antecedent)得前边,使其译成带有“得”字得定语句子,如:I want a wife who will work and send me to school、(我想要个既能工作又能送我上学得老婆)。有得句子过长,前置会显得累赘,或不符合汉语得习惯,这样我们翻译时将从句后置,把它翻译成跟主句平行得并列句。如:I want a wife who will not trouble me with a wife's duties but a1ways listens to me、(我想要个老婆,她不会以妻子得义务来打搅我,而就是始终听命于我。)

非限制性关系分句与它得先行项之间有比较松散得关系。就其意义上来说,在句子中有时相当于二个并列分句,有时在语义上起状语分句得作用,翻译时可将其后置译成并列句,例如:

The sun warms the earth, which makes it possible for plants to grow、(太阳温暖了大地,这才使植物有可能生长。)也可以完全脱离主句,译成独立句。如:She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was、(她对孩子们很耐心,她丈夫却很少这样。)

Exercises: Put the following into Chinese:

①It is reported that they have found another star、

②It happens that I have my checkbook with me、

③It is likely that he will succeed、

④It is a question that we arrive before l0 o'clock、

⑤She was advised to take the medicine。

⑥she told me that a big reservoir was being built in her hometown、

⑦I'll never forget the day when l came to the University、

⑧Yesterday I saw a wonderful film, which was about Wo rld War II、

Key to the exercises:

①据报道,她们又发现了一颗星。

②碰巧我带着支票簿。

③很可能她将成功。

④我们必须十点钟前到达就是个问题。

⑤她被劝告吃药。