同步语法新人教版必修一Unit1：名词形容词副词短语

同步语法新人教版必修一Unit1：名词形容词副词短语

必修一Welcome Unit：句子成分和基本句型

必修一Unit 1：名词 / 形容词 / 副词短语

一、理解概念

短语或词组(Phrases)是具有一定意义但不构成句子或从句的一组词。

二、语法规则

1．名词短语

(1)名词短语的构成及功能

名词短语由“限定词＋形容词/形容词短语/描述性名词＋名词＋介词短语”构成，在句中当作名词用，可作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。

The English teacher in red will go abroad next year.

这位穿红衣服的英语老师明年将出国。(作主语)

I want to take part in some interesting school clubs.

我想参加一些有趣的学校社团。(作宾语)

He is the most handsome boy in the class.

他是班里最帅的男孩。(作表语)

We consider Yao Ming the most famous basketball player in China.

我们认为姚明是中国最著名的篮球运动员。(作宾语补足语)

(2)名词的修饰语与名词的位置关系

①名词的修饰语与名词有两种位置关系：一是放在被修饰名词的前面，叫作前置定语或定语；二是放在被修饰名词的后面，叫作后置定语。

②在英语里，修饰名词的定语，其语序的位置是极有规律的，下面是一个“黄金公式”，称为“左二右六”规律：限定词(冠词/指示代词/物主代词/不定代词)＋形容词/

形容词性短语/描述性名词＋中心名词＋六类后置定语(介词短语/分词短语/不定式短语/形容词短语/定语从句/同位语从句)

The boy is my brother.

冠词＋中心名词

The cute boy is my brother.

冠词＋形容词＋中心名词

The cute boy in blue jeans is my brother.

冠词＋形容词＋中心名词＋介词短语

The cute boy wearing blue jeans is my brother.

冠词＋形容词＋中心名词＋现在分词短语

The cute boy who is wearing blue jeans is my brother.

冠词＋形容词＋中心名词＋定语从句

2．形容词短语

(1)形容词短语的构成及功能

形容词短语由“副词＋形容词＋介词短语”构成，在句

中当作形容词用，可以修饰名词或代词作定语，还可以用作表语或宾语补足语。

He was one of the most influential performers of modern jazz.

他是现代爵士乐最有影响力的表演者之一。(作定语)

His hard work made him very successful in his job.

他的勤奋工作使得他在工作上非常成功。(作宾语补足语)

(2)形容词(短语)作状语

形容词(短语)作状语时，通常说明主语的情况，即表示主语的状态、性质、特征等，有时它和宾语的关系密切，且可位于句首、句末和句子中间，通常和句子的其他部分用逗号分开。

Afraid of difficulty, he prefers to do the easy maths problem.他害怕困难，宁愿做容易的数学题。

3．副词短语

副词短语的构成及功能

副词短语由“副词＋副词”构成，在句中当作副词用，可以修饰动词、形容词或副词，作状语。

I can't catch up with him. He runs very fast.

我追不上他，他跑得非常快。(修饰动词)

The window was far too small for him to get through.

窗户对他来说实在太小，他钻不过去。(修饰形容词)

We must work much more carefully than we did before.我们必须比从前更谨慎地工作。(修饰副词)

Ⅰ. 写出下列加黑短语的构成形式及在句中所作成分

1. The tallest boy in our class is Li Lei．

2. She studies English very hard．

3. Tom carefully wrote some letters to his friends．

4. I’d like to go to coffee shop this weekend．

5. Surprisingly enough, he refused our offer．

Ⅱ. 用所给词的适当形式填空

1. I suggest that you think about it very ______(careful)．

2. Mary and Jane are quite ______ (difference)．

3. He spoke too______ (quick) for me to understand．

4. It really works very ______ (good)．

5. They got home at last, ______ (tire) and hungry．

Ⅲ. 根据汉语提示对句子进行提升

1. There are some roses.

→There are_______________．

在那张小桌上有一些红玫瑰。

2. Look at the bird.

→Look at _______________．

看树上的那只漂亮的小鸟。

3. It's raining.

→It's raining _______________．

雨下得很大。

4. My words made him happy.

→My words made him_______________．我的话让他高兴得像个孩子。

5. 我们将努力使我们的国家更美丽。

→We will try to make our

country _______________．

参考答案

Ⅰ. 1.限定词＋形容词＋名词；作主语

2. 副词＋副词；作状语

3. 形容词＋名词；作宾语

4. 名词＋名词；作宾语

5. 副词＋副词；作状语

Ⅱ. 1.carefully

2. different

3. quickly

4. well

5. tired

Ⅲ. 1.some red roses on that small table

2. the beautiful bird in the tree