英语现分或过分做后置定语

现在分词或过去分词作后置定语

一、分词作定语时有下面几个特点：

与被修饰的名词的关系：现在分词与修饰的名词是主动关系，过去分词与修饰的名词是被动关系。

1.现在分词短语作后置定语。例如：

1) There is a lady asking to see you. 有位女士要求见你。

asking to see you是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰其前的名词lady, 相当于一个定语从句who was asking to see you.

2) The girl sitting by my side is my cousin. 坐在我旁边的是我表妹。

3) Here is a map showing you how to get to the railway station. 这儿有一张地图，告诉你怎样去火车站。

4)The room facing south is our classroom．朝南的房间是我们的教室。

5) There is a door leading to the garden. 有一座门通往花园。

6) There were some children swimming in the river.

有些小孩在河里游泳。

2.过去分词短语作后置定语。例如：

1) In 1983, there were only 200 computers connected to the Internet.

1983年，只有200 台计算机连接到了互联网上。

connected to the Internet 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰其前的名词computers, 相当于一个定语从句which were connected to the

Internet.

2) Most of the people invited to the party were his old schoolmates.

应邀参加晚会的大多数人是他的老校友。

3) French is one of the major languages used at international meetings.

法语是国际会议上被使用的主要语言之一。

4) I borrowed a book written by Mark Twain from the library.

我从图书馆借了一本马克·吐温写的书。

二、现在分词短语作定语通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，现在分词短语作后置定语时，应注意下列三点：

1.现在分词表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作是一先一后发生而不是同时发生时，不能用现在分词作定语，应使用定语从句表示。如：

（误）The teacher criticized the student having broken the window.

（正）The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window.

（误）Do you know anyone having lost a car ?

（正）Do you know anyone who have lost a car ?

2.being可用状语或补语，但不可作定语。如：

（误）Anybody being outside after ten o’clock will be criticized.

（正）Anybody who is outside after ten o’clock will be criticized.

3.表示经常性或已完成的非进行动作的时候，不用现在分词作定语。例如：

（误）The boy bringing us milk everyday is my brother.

（正）The boy who brings us milk everyday is my brother.

三、分词作定语时的时间关系

一般来说，不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后；现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如：

Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing?

你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗？

Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office?

你要见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗？

I borrowed a book written by Mark Twain from the library.

我从图书馆借了一本马克·吐温写的书。