学术英语写作Unit 9.Discussion
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Contents of Discussion
• (1) review of the original purpose of research
• (2) introduction to major findings • (3) explanation of major findings • (4) comparison and contrast between your findings and existing knowledge on the topic • (5) theoretical implications and practical applications of the results • (6) significance of the paper
7
• 5. The writer shows where and how the present work fits into the research ‘map’ in this field. • 6. The writer recalls an aspect of the results that represents a positive achievement or contribution of this work. • 7. The writer focuses on the meaning and implications of the achievements in this work.
15
Contents of Conclusion
1) a brief summary of what you did and what you found 2) the significance of your findings 3) limitations of your research 4) recommendations for future researches
11
Grammar and Writing Skills
• Modal verbs
• may, might, can, could, must
12
• The drop in pressure was due to a crack in the pipe. • The drop in pressure may have been due to a crack in the pipe. • The drop in pressure must have been due to a crack in the pipe. • Being certain that something is true and knowing it to be true are not the same thing at all.
Unit 9
How to Write Discuቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱsion
1
• • • •
Function Sample Analysis Contents Grammar and Writing Skills
2
Function of Discussion
• The primary function of Discussion is to show the relationships among observed facts and indicate what new information is provided by the present study.
13
• 1) Perhaps the damage was caused by heat exposure. • The damage . • (may/might have been caused by heat exposure)
14
• 2) It’s possible that the damage wasn’t caused by heat exposure. • The damage . • (may not have been/might not have been caused by heat exposure)
8
• 8. The writer notes that one of the achievements or contributions of this work is its novelty. • 9. The writer refines the implications of the results, including possible applications. • 10 &11. The writer describes the limitations which should direct future research. • 12. The writer suggests a specific area to be addressed in future work.
3
• Naturally, this is the most subjective section of a scientific research article . • This is where the authors combine their experience, background knowledge, and creativity to explain the data and use it as evidence in their interpretation .
10
• When you discuss the results, you should • (1) focus on the major findings • (2) explain what is new in your work and why your results are important
4
Fig. 1 The shape of a research article
Abstract Introduction
Materials/ Methods
(what you did/used)
Results
(what you found)
Discussion/ Conclusion
5
• Introduction and Discussion should function as a pair. • Introduction should have posed one or more questions. Discussion should indicate how the findings answer the questions.
6
Sample Analysis
Here are the sentence descriptions: • 1. The writer revisits previous research. • 2. The writer revisits the Introduction to recall specific weakness in the methodology used in previous studies. • 3. The writer revisits the methodology used in this study. • 4. The writer revisits and summarizes the results.
16
Contents of Discussion
• (1) review of the original purpose of research
• (2) introduction to major findings • (3) explanation of major findings • (4) comparison and contrast between your findings and existing knowledge on the topic • (5) theoretical implications and practical applications of the results • (6) significance of the paper
7
• 5. The writer shows where and how the present work fits into the research ‘map’ in this field. • 6. The writer recalls an aspect of the results that represents a positive achievement or contribution of this work. • 7. The writer focuses on the meaning and implications of the achievements in this work.
15
Contents of Conclusion
1) a brief summary of what you did and what you found 2) the significance of your findings 3) limitations of your research 4) recommendations for future researches
11
Grammar and Writing Skills
• Modal verbs
• may, might, can, could, must
12
• The drop in pressure was due to a crack in the pipe. • The drop in pressure may have been due to a crack in the pipe. • The drop in pressure must have been due to a crack in the pipe. • Being certain that something is true and knowing it to be true are not the same thing at all.
Unit 9
How to Write Discuቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱsion
1
• • • •
Function Sample Analysis Contents Grammar and Writing Skills
2
Function of Discussion
• The primary function of Discussion is to show the relationships among observed facts and indicate what new information is provided by the present study.
13
• 1) Perhaps the damage was caused by heat exposure. • The damage . • (may/might have been caused by heat exposure)
14
• 2) It’s possible that the damage wasn’t caused by heat exposure. • The damage . • (may not have been/might not have been caused by heat exposure)
8
• 8. The writer notes that one of the achievements or contributions of this work is its novelty. • 9. The writer refines the implications of the results, including possible applications. • 10 &11. The writer describes the limitations which should direct future research. • 12. The writer suggests a specific area to be addressed in future work.
3
• Naturally, this is the most subjective section of a scientific research article . • This is where the authors combine their experience, background knowledge, and creativity to explain the data and use it as evidence in their interpretation .
10
• When you discuss the results, you should • (1) focus on the major findings • (2) explain what is new in your work and why your results are important
4
Fig. 1 The shape of a research article
Abstract Introduction
Materials/ Methods
(what you did/used)
Results
(what you found)
Discussion/ Conclusion
5
• Introduction and Discussion should function as a pair. • Introduction should have posed one or more questions. Discussion should indicate how the findings answer the questions.
6
Sample Analysis
Here are the sentence descriptions: • 1. The writer revisits previous research. • 2. The writer revisits the Introduction to recall specific weakness in the methodology used in previous studies. • 3. The writer revisits the methodology used in this study. • 4. The writer revisits and summarizes the results.
16