词汇与写作第八讲---副词

疑问副词、连接副词和关系副词 1. 疑问副词用来引导特殊疑问句 How long ago was it? How do we get to the town center from here? Where did you study medicine? Where does she come from? When can you come? When did you hear about it? Why was she so late? Why not go by taxi？
Vocabulary and Writing
The 8th Lesson
副词
副词的类型 副词在句中的作用 副词的比较级和最高级

副词的类型 时间副词(adverbs of time) 地点副词(adverbs of place) 方式副词(adverbs of manner) 程度和强调副词(adverbs of degree & emphasizing adverbs) 疑问副词(interrogative adverbs) 连接副词(conjunctive adverbs) 关系副词(relative adverbs) 句子副词(sentence adverbs)
2. 有少数副词可以和enough连用，起同样的 作用 I thought it would rain, and sure enough it did. Oddly enough, I had no doubt that he would be glad to see me. Curiously enough, he had never seen the little girl. He’s lived in France for years, but strangely enough he can’t speak a word of French.
2.连接副词和疑问副词同形，用来引导从句或与不定 式连用。 That’s how I look at it. Tell me how you’re getting on. How all this happened was a mystery. Do you know how to start this machine? I don’t know where he lives. It’s none of your business where I stay. I can’t decided where to go for my holidays. Tell me when you’ll be ready. When she’ll be back depends on the weather. Tell me when to use this construction. That’s why I came round. Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever. I’ll tell you why you have to study grammar.
2. 表示频繁程度的（频度副词adverbs of frequency） She is constantly changing her mind. We do meet now and then, but not regularly. Lester rarely left his room. He goes to see her continually. Always, continuously, ever, frequently, generally, never, normally, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually

地点副词 She is studying abroad. They moved downtown. Then I went upstairs to bed. Away, here, home, indoor, nearby, there
表示地区范围的地点副词 We have no shops locally. Fortunately the news was not yet spread widely. Eight million people globally are infected with virus. The theory has been universally accepted. Internationally, nationally, nationwide, worldwide
还有一些地点副词与介词同形，即副词小品 词（adverbs particles）。跟宾语的为介词， 否则是副词 The Dead Sea is below sea level. Don’t stand so near the train. A cat climbed up the tree. He jumped off the horse. I could see the river down below. He lives quite near. Stand up! The bird flew off.

时间副词 1. 表示发生时间的 It’s beginning to rain now! I haven’t seen her recently. Will you be free tonight? See you later. I’ll be back presently. what decision did you finally arrive at? Nancy was up early. He has just had an operation. Ago, before, just now, last night, lately, later on, so far, then, today, tomorrow, yesterday, already, first, immediately, since, soon

方式副词 She gently refused to accept the gifts. They hoped to see the problem settled peacefully. How beautifully your wife dances. She smiled gratefully. He looked at her sadly. The process was controlled automatically. He left the town secretly. I only met her accidentally. I had to work all alone. Do you buy wholesale or retail? She was to fly solo the next day.

以where构成的副词也是地点副词 Let’s go anywhere where it’s quiet. Where did you go?---- Nowhere. If she doesn’t like it here, she can go elsewhere. It’s the same everywhere. I seemed to have met you somewhere.
3.关系副词用来引导关系从句（定语从句） We then moved to Pairs, where we lived for 6 years. This’s the hotel where we stayed last summer. At the time when I say him, he was well. There came a day when the rain fell. The reason why he came is not very convincing. That is the reason why I came so early.
程度和强调副词 程度副词表示“到某种程度”，除修饰动词外还可修饰形容 词和副词。 强调副词和程度副词很接近，几乎就是，它们主要对所修饰 的动词和形容wenku.baidu.com加以强调。 I’m extremely disappointed in him. He loved his mother dearly. I strongly object to your saying that. Is she badly hurt? Fairly simple, rather difficult, quite correct Fairly smoothly, wonderfully well, do it very quickly I quite agree. He knew absolutely nothing. You’re entirely wrong. She’s perfectly correct.

其他类型的副词 1.表示方向的副词 Let’s go inside. Take two steps forward. He looked backwards. Walk three blocks and then turn left. Leaving the city, we headed north. 2. 使上下文连接更紧的副词 The rain was heavy. Consequently, the land was flooded. They therefore removed him from his position. She asked me to go, so I went. He was different, however, from the others. Jack ran for a doctor; meanwhile we stayed with patient. Besides, I want you to promise me one thing. 3.表示“方面”的副词 They suffered economically as a result of that policy. Financially we are doing quite well. It’s politically short-sighted not to recognize this.
句子副词 1.有些副词并不修饰动词，而是修饰整个句 子，表示说话人的看法。 Frankly I’m afraid your mother will be a little disappointed. Luckily, she was in when I called. Hopefully we’ll win. Surprisingly, she has married again. Seriously now, you ought to take more care of your health. Admittedly, anyway, astonishingly, curiously, happily, sadly, of course, significantly