英语三级语法知识详解课件
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虚拟语气在 在表语从句中
主句的主语常是表示说话人愿望(wish / desire)、建议(suggestion / advice) 要求 (requirement / demand)、命令(order, command)等的名词,表语从句的谓语动词 用 (should) + do.
Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.
虚拟语气
虚拟语气在 在条件从句中
一、在条件从句中 (叫虚拟条件句),表示与事实相反 的条件。分三种情况(以 do 为例):
表示与事实情况相反 条件从句的谓语形式
主句的谓语形式
表示现在情况 表示过去情况 表示将来情况
过去式(did) (be常用 were)
过去完成式(had +done)
①过去式 (did)(were) ②should + do ③were to do
would have met him. 要是你早来几分钟的话,你就能见到他了。(与过
去事实相反) 2. If it were(were to be/should be) sunny
tomorrow, I would come to see you. 明天要是天气好的话,我来看你。(与将来事实可
能相反) 3. If I were you, I would go now.
15 分钟
Ⅲ
阅读 理解
36~ 60
一般性及应用性文字
选择、填空、匹配
35%
40 分钟
Ⅳ
英译 汉
61~ 65
句子、段落
句子选择、 段落翻译
20%
25 分钟
Ⅴ 写作
应用文
翻译、书写
15%
2wenku.baidu.com 分钟
合计
65+ 1
100%
120 分钟
Grammar
1. 虚拟语气 2. 定语从句 3. 状语从句 4. 时态 5. 被动语态 6. 分词作状语 7. 分词作定语
虚拟语气
虚拟语气在:在宾语从句中
4、记住:insist / suggest 各有两种意思,要用不同的语气 Insist 表示“坚决要求”时,用虚拟形式,即 should + do; Insist 表示“坚称,坚持说”时,用陈述语气,表示事实。 Suggest 表示“建议”时,用虚拟形式。 Suggest 表示“表明、暗示”时,用陈述语气。 [例句] 1) The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the
虚拟语气
Exercises
1. Alan ___ the party if he had gone to London.
A. would have missed B. had missed
C. would miss
D. missed
2.—It was the drug,not the disease,that killed the boy.
A. listened
B. had listened
C. should listen D. would listen
4. Tom suggested that Ann ___ the house.
A. sell
B. sold
C. shall sell
D. would sell
5. I wish this bus ___ to the university.
8. 比较级和最高级 9. 先行词 it 10. 同位语 11. 倒装句 12. 强调句 13. 动词+ -ing/-to do 14. 词形转换 15. 词组
高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法
❖一 虚 拟 语 气
高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法
虚拟语气
虚拟语气的概念
❖ 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,一是用来 表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实,而是一 种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步 状语从句中);一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、 命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位 语从句)。
—He would be still alive today if he ________ that drug.
A.not take
B.shouldn’t have taken
C.didn’t take
D.hadn’t taken
虚拟语气
3. If only I ___ to my parents! (But I didn’t.)
虚拟语气
虚拟语气在复合句中的应用:
三、错综时间的条件句(交叉虚拟)
即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时,需要 按时间来确定虚拟形式。如:
1. If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话,现在干的就会容易些。
Would / could / might / should (用于第1人称) +动 词原形(do)
Would / could / might / should +have done
Would / could / might / should + do
虚拟语气
虚拟语气在 在条件从句中
[例句] 1. If you had come a few minutes earlier, you
虚拟语气
虚拟语气在 在同位语从句中
同位语从句的先行词常是表示说话人愿望、建 议、要求、命令等的名词。
❖ The suggestion that students (should) learn something practical is worth considering.
❖ Do you know the order that you (should) keep watch.
假如我是你的话,我现在就走。(与现在事实相反, 事实上我不可能是你)
虚拟语气
虚拟语气在 在条件从句中
二、省略 if 的条件从句
当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时,可省略if ,而把 它们放在句首。
❖ If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Were I to meet him tomorrow,…
A. go
B. went
C. has gone
2、除wish外,其它动词用should + do 构成, should 可以省略。
3、 wish接宾语从句有三种情况: 1) 现在:用过去式 2) 过去:用过去完成式 (had done) 3) 将来:用情态动词(would / could) + do
虚拟语气
虚拟语气在:在宾语从句中
[例句]
1. I wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我一边。
虚拟语气
虚拟语气中的几个特例
3. 一些介词短语, 如:but for(要不是), without, otherwise(否则), 等表示含蓄的条件,这时主 句要用虚拟语气 Without your help, we would not have made such rapid progress. But for my brother's help, I would not have finished it on time. I had to do sth.more important,otherwise I might have helped.
Practical English Test for Colleges
(Level A) 英语应用能力考试(A级)
PRETCO A
序号
测试 项目
题号
测试内容
Ⅰ
听力 理解
1~ 15
对话、会话、短文
题型
选择、填空
百分 时间 比 分配
15%
15 分钟
Ⅱ
语法 结构
16~ 35
语法、词形变化
选择、填空
15%
blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。 2) He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。
3) He insisted that he was right.
虚拟语气
虚拟语气在:在宾语从句中 5. 在would (had) rather(宁愿) 引导的宾语
从句中
当从句表示现在或将来的时间时,谓语动词要 用一般过去时;表示过去时间时,谓语动词 要用过去完成时。
I would rather he/you came tomorrow than today.
虚拟语气
2. If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议,他就不会干得这样好。
虚拟语气
虚拟语气在:在宾语从句中
1、记住:这些动词后面接的宾语从句:表示愿望 ( wish), 建议(suggest, advice, propose, recommend) ,要求(demand, request, require, insist), 命令(order, command)等。
二、as if 连接方式状语从 句 She looked after the boy as if he were her own
son. 她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样。
He speaks to us as if he had been there. 他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。
虚拟语气
虚拟语气中的几个特例
2. I wish I were 30 years younger. 我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。
3. I wish (that) you would get a good job. 我希望你能找到一个好职业。
4. He wished he hadn't done it. 他想要是他没这样做该多好。
5. He ordered that the students(should)wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。
我们有必要出去散散步。 2. It’s natural that she should do so.
她这样做是很自然的。 3. It’s important that we should take good care of the
patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
虚拟语气
虚拟语气在 在 as if 从句中
❖ If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. Should he fail in the experiment… If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would haHvaedmyeotuhcimom. e a few….
虚拟语气
虚拟语气在 在主语从句中
在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ” 中,that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用: should + 动词原形
[例句] 1. It’s necessary that we should have a walk now.
1. if only 意为:若是...那该多好啊; 真希望...; 只要, 只 要...就好 表示现在的情况,应用过去式; 如果是过去的情况,应 用过去完成时态
If only I had arrived in time! If only she didn’t drive so fast.
2. It’s (high/right) time that… that 从句要用虚拟语气:谓语用过去时或should + do It’s time that you left/should leave here.
在as if /though从句中,常用虚拟形式,即表示与现 在事实相反,用过去式;与过去事实相反用过去 完成式 (had done).
一、as if 连接表语从句 She looked as if she were made of ice. 她看起来似乎是冰做的 He looked as if he hadn’t slept for two days.
主句的主语常是表示说话人愿望(wish / desire)、建议(suggestion / advice) 要求 (requirement / demand)、命令(order, command)等的名词,表语从句的谓语动词 用 (should) + do.
Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.
虚拟语气
虚拟语气在 在条件从句中
一、在条件从句中 (叫虚拟条件句),表示与事实相反 的条件。分三种情况(以 do 为例):
表示与事实情况相反 条件从句的谓语形式
主句的谓语形式
表示现在情况 表示过去情况 表示将来情况
过去式(did) (be常用 were)
过去完成式(had +done)
①过去式 (did)(were) ②should + do ③were to do
would have met him. 要是你早来几分钟的话,你就能见到他了。(与过
去事实相反) 2. If it were(were to be/should be) sunny
tomorrow, I would come to see you. 明天要是天气好的话,我来看你。(与将来事实可
能相反) 3. If I were you, I would go now.
15 分钟
Ⅲ
阅读 理解
36~ 60
一般性及应用性文字
选择、填空、匹配
35%
40 分钟
Ⅳ
英译 汉
61~ 65
句子、段落
句子选择、 段落翻译
20%
25 分钟
Ⅴ 写作
应用文
翻译、书写
15%
2wenku.baidu.com 分钟
合计
65+ 1
100%
120 分钟
Grammar
1. 虚拟语气 2. 定语从句 3. 状语从句 4. 时态 5. 被动语态 6. 分词作状语 7. 分词作定语
虚拟语气
虚拟语气在:在宾语从句中
4、记住:insist / suggest 各有两种意思,要用不同的语气 Insist 表示“坚决要求”时,用虚拟形式,即 should + do; Insist 表示“坚称,坚持说”时,用陈述语气,表示事实。 Suggest 表示“建议”时,用虚拟形式。 Suggest 表示“表明、暗示”时,用陈述语气。 [例句] 1) The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the
虚拟语气
Exercises
1. Alan ___ the party if he had gone to London.
A. would have missed B. had missed
C. would miss
D. missed
2.—It was the drug,not the disease,that killed the boy.
A. listened
B. had listened
C. should listen D. would listen
4. Tom suggested that Ann ___ the house.
A. sell
B. sold
C. shall sell
D. would sell
5. I wish this bus ___ to the university.
8. 比较级和最高级 9. 先行词 it 10. 同位语 11. 倒装句 12. 强调句 13. 动词+ -ing/-to do 14. 词形转换 15. 词组
高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法
❖一 虚 拟 语 气
高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法
虚拟语气
虚拟语气的概念
❖ 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,一是用来 表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实,而是一 种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步 状语从句中);一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、 命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位 语从句)。
—He would be still alive today if he ________ that drug.
A.not take
B.shouldn’t have taken
C.didn’t take
D.hadn’t taken
虚拟语气
3. If only I ___ to my parents! (But I didn’t.)
虚拟语气
虚拟语气在复合句中的应用:
三、错综时间的条件句(交叉虚拟)
即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时,需要 按时间来确定虚拟形式。如:
1. If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话,现在干的就会容易些。
Would / could / might / should (用于第1人称) +动 词原形(do)
Would / could / might / should +have done
Would / could / might / should + do
虚拟语气
虚拟语气在 在条件从句中
[例句] 1. If you had come a few minutes earlier, you
虚拟语气
虚拟语气在 在同位语从句中
同位语从句的先行词常是表示说话人愿望、建 议、要求、命令等的名词。
❖ The suggestion that students (should) learn something practical is worth considering.
❖ Do you know the order that you (should) keep watch.
假如我是你的话,我现在就走。(与现在事实相反, 事实上我不可能是你)
虚拟语气
虚拟语气在 在条件从句中
二、省略 if 的条件从句
当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时,可省略if ,而把 它们放在句首。
❖ If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Were I to meet him tomorrow,…
A. go
B. went
C. has gone
2、除wish外,其它动词用should + do 构成, should 可以省略。
3、 wish接宾语从句有三种情况: 1) 现在:用过去式 2) 过去:用过去完成式 (had done) 3) 将来:用情态动词(would / could) + do
虚拟语气
虚拟语气在:在宾语从句中
[例句]
1. I wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我一边。
虚拟语气
虚拟语气中的几个特例
3. 一些介词短语, 如:but for(要不是), without, otherwise(否则), 等表示含蓄的条件,这时主 句要用虚拟语气 Without your help, we would not have made such rapid progress. But for my brother's help, I would not have finished it on time. I had to do sth.more important,otherwise I might have helped.
Practical English Test for Colleges
(Level A) 英语应用能力考试(A级)
PRETCO A
序号
测试 项目
题号
测试内容
Ⅰ
听力 理解
1~ 15
对话、会话、短文
题型
选择、填空
百分 时间 比 分配
15%
15 分钟
Ⅱ
语法 结构
16~ 35
语法、词形变化
选择、填空
15%
blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。 2) He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。
3) He insisted that he was right.
虚拟语气
虚拟语气在:在宾语从句中 5. 在would (had) rather(宁愿) 引导的宾语
从句中
当从句表示现在或将来的时间时,谓语动词要 用一般过去时;表示过去时间时,谓语动词 要用过去完成时。
I would rather he/you came tomorrow than today.
虚拟语气
2. If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议,他就不会干得这样好。
虚拟语气
虚拟语气在:在宾语从句中
1、记住:这些动词后面接的宾语从句:表示愿望 ( wish), 建议(suggest, advice, propose, recommend) ,要求(demand, request, require, insist), 命令(order, command)等。
二、as if 连接方式状语从 句 She looked after the boy as if he were her own
son. 她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样。
He speaks to us as if he had been there. 他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。
虚拟语气
虚拟语气中的几个特例
2. I wish I were 30 years younger. 我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。
3. I wish (that) you would get a good job. 我希望你能找到一个好职业。
4. He wished he hadn't done it. 他想要是他没这样做该多好。
5. He ordered that the students(should)wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。
我们有必要出去散散步。 2. It’s natural that she should do so.
她这样做是很自然的。 3. It’s important that we should take good care of the
patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
虚拟语气
虚拟语气在 在 as if 从句中
❖ If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. Should he fail in the experiment… If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would haHvaedmyeotuhcimom. e a few….
虚拟语气
虚拟语气在 在主语从句中
在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ” 中,that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用: should + 动词原形
[例句] 1. It’s necessary that we should have a walk now.
1. if only 意为:若是...那该多好啊; 真希望...; 只要, 只 要...就好 表示现在的情况,应用过去式; 如果是过去的情况,应 用过去完成时态
If only I had arrived in time! If only she didn’t drive so fast.
2. It’s (high/right) time that… that 从句要用虚拟语气:谓语用过去时或should + do It’s time that you left/should leave here.
在as if /though从句中,常用虚拟形式,即表示与现 在事实相反,用过去式;与过去事实相反用过去 完成式 (had done).
一、as if 连接表语从句 She looked as if she were made of ice. 她看起来似乎是冰做的 He looked as if he hadn’t slept for two days.