现在分词用法总结

现在分词

一、基础知识：

现在分词（也叫动名词）：表示主动和进行。

基本形式：doing 否定式：not doing

被动式：being done 完成式：having done

二、具体用法：

1.动名词作主语和宾语：

（1）把一个动词变成-ing形式可以当做名词来用，表示一种经常性、习惯性的动作，可在句中充当主语和宾语。

eg: Working with you is a pleasure.

I like reading in my free time.

（2）可以用it做形式主语或形式宾语放在前面，再用动名词做真正的主语或宾语放在后面，这种用法常用于以下句式：

①It is/was no use/good doing sth. 做某事是没用的/没有好处的。

eg: It’s no use begging for his mercy.

It’s no good smoking too much.

②It is/was a waster of time doing sth. 做某事是浪费时间的。

eg: It is a waste of time copying others’ homework.

③It is/was worth doing sth. 做某事是值得的。

eg: It was worth making the effort.

④There is/was no sense in doing sth. 做某事是没有道理的/意义的。

eg: There is no sense in arguing with your wife.

⑤There is/was no point (in) doing sth. 做某事是没用的/无意义的。

eg: There is no point in getting angry.

⑥There is no shame in doing sth. 做某事是不丢脸的。

eg: There is no shame in saying sorry to your friends.

⑦There is no telling…无法预言会…

eg: There is no telling what will happen.

※注意：动名词作主语时，其前可用名词所有格和形容词性物主代词修饰，即one’s doing sth.作主语。

eg: Tom’s being late again made his teacher angry.

My going to Beijing University is my parents’ biggest dream.

（3）动名词作宾语分为两种情况：动名词后的宾语和介词后的宾语

①有些动词后只能接动名词作宾语，常见的有：

avoid, advise, allow, admit, appreciate, consider, deny, enjoy, keep, finish,

suggest, dislike, delay, risk, escape, imagine, mind, miss, permit, practice, fancy, can’t help, be busy, give up, can’t stand, feel like等。

eg: You must avoid being hurt when crossing the road.

②有些动词后即可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，常见的有：

A: start, begin, intend, attempt, continue等后接doing和to do无区别。

B: like, love, prefer, hate等后接doing和to do略有区别，后接doing侧重经常习惯性的行为，后接to do侧重具体的某一次行为。

eg: I like swimming in summer but today I like to see a film at home

C: forget, remember, regret, stop, try, mean, go on, can’t help, be used to等后接doing和to do的区别较大：

remember/forget doing 记得/忘记做过某事regret doing 后悔做过某事

remember/forget to do 记得/忘记要做某事regret to do 遗憾要做某事

stop doing 停止做某事try doing 尝试做某事

stop to do 停下来做另一件事try to do 努力做某事

mean doing 意味着做某事go on doing 继续做原来的事

mean to do 想要做某事go on to do 继续做另一件事can’t help doing 禁不住做某事be used to doing 习惯于做某事

can’t help to do 不能帮忙做某事be used to do 被用来做某事③介词to后接doing作宾语用于以下短语中：

stick to, lead to, devote to, see to(照顾,负责), look forward to, look up to(抬头看,尊敬,仰慕), pay attention to, get down to(着手做某事), object to(反对), make contributions to(为…做贡献), be equal to(等于,胜任)

④固定搭配：

need/want/require doing sth. = need/want/require to be done 意为“需要(被)做”

eg: Your hair needs cutting/to be cut.

2.动名词作定语：

用来修饰名词，分为前置定语和后置定语。

（1）单个动名词做前置定语，即放在所修饰名词的前面，既可以表示被修饰名词的作用或功能，也可以表示被修饰名词所发出的动作或所处的状态（主动）。eg: drinking water 饮用水(表示用途)

running water 流动的水(表示动作)

（2）动名词短语做后置定语，即放在所修饰名词的后面，在意思上相当于一个定语从句。

eg: The man standing there is Peter’s father.

= The man who is standing there is Peter’s father.

（3）动名词短语还可做后置定语的同时做插入语，该短语前后都用逗号和句子其他部分隔开，去掉该短语后句子结构仍完整。

eg: His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing.

3.动名词做宾语补足语：

（1）基本句型结构：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（doing）

（2）动名词做宾语补足语表示一个正在进行的主动性动作或状态。

eg: We found a snake eating an egg.

I saw a bag lying on the ground on my way home.