复合句定语从句(试题学习)

复合句——定语从句

1.Mary is a beautiful girl. 形容词作定语

Mary is a girl who has long hair. 句子作定语,修饰girl, 叫做定语从句

先行词关系词定语从句

关系副词when, why, where

who, what,that, whom,whose

在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句，叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。

定语从句的基本结构：主句（包括先行词）+ 关系词+ 定语从句。

其中对关系词的考查是中考重要的考点。

关系词作用：

1.代替先行词;

２．它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分;

3. 同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。（把主句和从句连起来）

关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的人称、数必须和先行词一致。

关系词判断步骤 :

首先，要看先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系代词可用 who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物,关系

代词可用which或that;

然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表

最后，定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致. 注:定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。

The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother.

①

引导词充当成分先行词

关系代词

that 主语、宾语人、物who 主语、宾语人whom 宾语人which 主语、宾语物whose 定语（后须接名词）人、物

关系副词when

状语

时间where 地点why 原因

②当关系代词which, that, whom在定语从句中作宾语时，也可以省略。

③在一般情况下，关系代词that和which(指物)或who(指人)可以互换，但在下列几种情况下，常只用that：△当先行词是不定代词时；△当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时；

△当先行词被the very, the only等修饰时；△当先行词既有人又有物时。

△当主句已有疑问词who或which时，用that。

1.This is the most interesting story(__________ )I have ever heard.

2.Here is something( _________) I will tell you.

3.I can remember well t he persons and some pictures (___________) I see.

4.Is it the one ___________ you want ?

5. Who is the woman ___________was praised at the meeting?

④that和who不能紧跟在介词后作介词宾语，应使用关系代词whom，which置于介词后

（但如果介词不前置仍放于句尾，则可用that 作引导词，而且可以省略。）

如：［正］This is the room (that/ which) the old man lives in.［正］This is the room in which the old man lives ［误］This is the room in that the old man lives

在定语从句中作介词宾语，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom 与which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：

That was the man about whom they were talking.

【策略指导】

解决有关定语从句的题目时，首先要根据先行词确定好关系词，同时要记住一些特殊情况，这样才能做到万无一失。

定语从句的用法:

1.当先行词是物时, 用which 或that引导.

These are the trees _______________ were planted last year.

which 指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)

Is this the library (which/that) you borrow books from?

Is this the library from which you borrow books?

2.当先行词是人时, 用who, whom, that引导.

The man _____________is speaking at the meeting is a worker. ( )

The boy who /that sits in front of me is Tom. ( )

The man (whom/who/that) everyone likes is kind. (宾语)

who, whom, whose, that用法区别.

1.who 作定语从句的主语或宾语.

2.Whom 作定语从句的宾语,在口语和非正式文体中常用who代替，可以省略.

The woman (whom/who/that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.

whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)

The man (whom/who/that) I talked to is Mr. Li.

The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.

3.Whose 是代词的所有格形式, 它既可以代人也可以代物。

I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.

【真题再现】

1. He is the only student _____plays table tennis better than Jim.

A. why

B. where

C. that

D. which

解析：题干是一个含定语从句的复合句，先行词the only student是人，关系代词在从句中作主语，关系代词that可指代人。why和where是可引导定语从句的关系副词，why表原因，先行词往往是表示原因的名词(reason等)，when 表时间，先行词往往是表示时间的名词(time, day, hour, year等)。

2. This is the dictionary _____ Mum gave me for my birthday.

A. which

B. what

C. whose

D. whom