英语语法分析-句子成分分析

一、英语中的句子成分分析

I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday. 主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语1、主语：是一句的主体，是全句诉说的对象，常用名词、数词或代词担任（是全句谈论的中心话题）。例：

(1) Students study .（名词）

(2)We are friends .（代词）

(3)To go to good university is his first goal.（不定式）

(4)Doing morning exercise is good for your health.（动名词）

(5)Jane is good at playing the piano.

(6)She went out in a hurry.

(7)Four plus four is eight.

(8)To see is to believe.

(9)Smoking is bad for health.

(10)The young should respect the old.

(11)What he has said is true.

2、谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或动词词组担任，放在主语的后面（主语做什么了、怎么了）。例：

(1)Students study.（实意动词）

(2)We are friends.（be动词）

(3)We love China.

(4)We have finished reading this book.

(5)He can speak English.（复合谓语）

(6)She seems tired.

(7)I saw the flag on the top of the hill.

(8)He looked after two orphans.

3、宾语：表示行为的对象，常由名词或代词担任，放在及物动词或代词之后（动作的对象，目标；位于及物动词之后）。宾语分为间接宾语和直接宾语。直接宾语指物，间接宾语指人。例：

(a)He gave me some books.

间接宾语直接宾语

(b)Please pass me the book.

(c)He bought me some flowers.

(1)They are teachers.

(2)I play with him.

(3)We love watching football games.

(4)He is dong her homework now.

(5)I like my job.

(6)I love you.

(7)He wanted to leave here.

(8)They enjoyed playing football games.

注：位于介词之后的成分也称之为宾语。

4、宾语补足语：是对宾语进行补充说明，宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。例：

(1)I found the book interesting.

(2)Do you smell something burning?

(3)He made himself known to them.

(4)She asked me to lend her a hand.

(5)Please make yourself at home.

(6)Please keep the dog out.

(7)We must keep it a secret.

主动语态变成被动语态后，宾语补足语变成主补。例：

(1)I last saw him playing near the river.→He was last seen playing near the river.

(2)The teacher caught the student cheating in the exam.

→The student was caught cheating in the exam.

(3)We made him monitor.→He was made monitor.

(4)He pushed the door open.→The door was pushed open.

5、定语：是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任（是用来说明名词或代词性质特点的词）。形容词放在名词前，相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词之后。例：

(1)This is a red sun.

(2)The black bike is mine.

(3)He is a tall boy.

(4)She is a chemistry teacher.

(5)The man in blue is my brother.

(6)The girl playing the piano is my younger sister.

(7)The lady who is wearing red dress is our new teacher.

6、状语：是用来说明动词，形容词，副词、介词短语或整个句子的成分，常由副词担任。修饰动词的可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后；修饰形容词或副词的放在它们之前。例：

(1)The students study hard.

(2)I often write to him.

(3)The bag is too heavy.

(4)I will be back in a while.

(5)They are playing on the playground.

(6)He was late because he got up late.

(7)He got up so late that he missed the train.

(8)I waited to see you.

(9)He often went to school by bus.

(10)His parents died,leaving him an orphan.

(11)Please call me if it is necessary.

(12)This book is very interesting.

(13)He went to school in spite of his illness.

(14)He always comes late to school.

7、表语：系动词后的部分就是表语，表语是用来说明主语的性质或状态。一般由名词或者形容词担任。常见的系动词有：

be(am,is,are,were,was) , appear , look , seem

feel, smell, taste, sound, keep, turn, become ,get ,grow, come ,go etc.系动词不用于被动语态。例：

(1)This table is long.

(2)The apple tastes sweet.

(3)The war was over.

(4)They seem to know the truth.

(5)Time is precious.

(6)I’m not quite myself today.

(7)Who was the first?

(8)He is out of condition.

(9)The book is what I need.

通常情况下，主语和宾语前的成分是定语，谓语前的成分是状语，时间作状语放在句子的后面。

（定语）主语（状语）谓语（定语）宾语（状语）。

(1)(The tall)boy(often)go(to the big)zoo.

(2)(The happy)child-went(his)home yesterday.

英语句子成分歌：

英语句子八呀八大块，主谓宾表真呀真实在；

补语跟着宾语标语跑，定语同位（语）专把名词踹。

状语的位置它自由自在，忽右忽左随心所欲摆。