新型无卤聚合物阻燃剂的研究进展

第40卷㊀第4期2019年4月

纺㊀织㊀学㊀报

Journal of Textile Research

Vol.40,No.4Apr.,2019

DOI :10.13475/j.fzxb.20180203008

新型无卤聚合物阻燃剂的研究进展

李强林1,2,黄方千2,肖秀婵1,邱㊀诚1,吴菊珍1

(1.成都工业学院智慧环保大数据研究中心,四川成都㊀611730;2.成都纺织高等专科学校,四川成都㊀611731)摘㊀要㊀为提高阻燃纺织品的阻燃耐久性㊁耐水洗性,避免传统的卤系阻燃剂在高温下产生二噁英㊁卤化氢等二次污染物,采用无卤聚合物阻燃剂是行之有效的方法之一㊂阐述了含磷㊁氮㊁硅等阻燃元素的一系列支链型㊁直链型和交联型聚合物阻燃剂及其单体,主要介绍了磷(膦)酸酯㊁磷(膦)酰胺㊁含磷聚硅氧烷㊁生物基阻燃剂等聚合物型阻燃剂类型㊁结构㊁合成㊁性能及其在纺织品中的应用;分析了当前纺织品用阻燃剂存在的问题㊂认为耐久性阻燃剂应集中在磷-氮含量高㊁具有反应活性的绿色环保阻燃剂的合成,要加大多组分阻燃剂复合协同机制研究,加快现代物理整理技术的研究㊂

关键词㊀阻燃纺织品;无卤阻燃剂;生物基阻燃剂;涂层;聚合物中图分类号:TS 106.5㊀㊀㊀文献标志码:A㊀㊀㊀

Review on novel halogen-free polymer flame retardants

LI Qianglin 1,2,HUANG Fangqian 2,XIAO Xiuchan 1,QIU Cheng 1,WU Juzhen 1

(1.Center of Big Data for Smart Environmental Protection ,Chengdu Technological University ,

Chengdu ,Sichuan ㊀611730,China ;2.Chengdu Textile College ,Chengdu ,Sichuan ㊀611731,China )

Abstract ㊀In order to improve the durability and washable resistance of flame retardant textiles,and avoid the generation of secondary pollutants such as dioxins and hydrogen halides at high temperature for conventional halogenated flame retardants,using halogen-free polymer flame retardant is one of the effective methods.This paper systematically described a series of branched,linear and crosslinked polymer flame retardants and their monomers containing flame retardant elements such as phosphorus,nitrogen and silicon.The types,structures,synthesis,properties and applications of polymer flame retardants such as phosphates (phosphonates ),phosphoramides (phosphonamides ),phosphorus-containing polysiloxane and bio-based flame retardants were mainly introduced.The current problems of flame retardants for textiles were analyzed.It was pointed out that the durable flame retardant should focus on the synthesis of eco-friendly flame retardants with high phosphorus-nitrogen content and high reactivity,and should increase the research on synergistic mechanism of multi-component compounds,and accelerate the research direction of modern physical finishing technology research.

Keywords ㊀flame retardant textile;halogen-free flame retardant;bio-based flame retardant;coating;polymer

收稿日期:2018-02-08㊀㊀㊀修回日期:2018-12-14基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(21705011)

第一作者:李强林(1975 ),男,教授,博士㊂主要研究方向为功能材料与阻燃纺织品㊂E-mail :lqlxp1010@ ㊂

㊀㊀阻燃织物是一种不易(或不能)被点燃㊁点燃后能自熄㊁燃烧时毒烟减少㊁火焰传播速度减慢,或轰然时间延长的功能材料[1-2]㊂常用的溴锑阻燃剂和卤系阻燃剂在燃烧时会产生有毒有害的二噁英㊁卤化氢等物质而导致严重的二次危害,因而逐渐被新型环保阻燃剂取代,欧盟自2006年开始,已严格限

制多溴联苯(PBB)㊁多溴二苯醚(PBDE)的使用,

2016年又限制了六溴环十二烷(HBCD )的使用[3-4],因此,无卤有机阻燃剂用量和产值越来越大㊂此外,目前采用后整理技术生产的阻燃纺织品,

大都存在不耐水洗㊁阻燃持久性差等问题,其在消防㊁水运等领域的应用受到了限制[5-6],因此,研究