高考短文改错 第四章 冠词讲解与练习学案(无答案)

第四章冠词

冠词是名词之“冠”。由于汉语中没有冠词的概念，因此冠词的使用也是中学生容易出错的地方，高考短文改错也是抓住这个特点来设题。冠词的考查分三个方面：多一冠词、缺一冠词、冠词误用。

1.多一冠词的常考点。

1）表示泛指意义的物质名词、抽象名词前不用冠词。

【例】Music can bring people a pleasure.

2)表示泛指概念的复数可数名词前不用冠词

【例】Young people like to read the books.

3)表示季节、月份、星期、节假日的名词前不用冠词。

【例】School begins in the September.

4)称呼语或表示独一无二的职务、头衔做表语、同位语、补足语时，其前不用冠词。【例】The young man is the captain of this ship.

5）表示三餐、球类运动、棋类游戏的名词前不用冠词。

【例】Let's go and watch them play the football.

6)by 后的表示交通工具或方式的名词的前不用冠词。

【例】Now many people want to travel by the air.

7) 表示学科、语言的名词前一般不用冠词。

【例】I like the maths though it's a bit difficult.

8)在某些短语中，有无定冠词意思不大一样。

at table at the table in front of in the front of

in hospital in the hospital in class in the class

in charge of in the charge of on earth on the earth

by sea by the sea in place of in the place of

in office in the office take place take the place of in prison in the prison go to church go to the church live on farm live on the farm two of us the two of us

in possession of in the possession of by day by the day

in case of in the case of on fire on the fire 【例】They traveled by the day, and stayed at hotels by night.

2.缺少不定冠词的常考点

1）抽象名词前通常不用冠词，但具体化了的抽象名词已变为可数名词，使用时前面长漏掉不定冠词。

【例】It is pleasure to help others when they are in trouble.

2)物质名词表示“一场、一种、一杯、一个......”时，已转化为可数名词，使用时前面长漏掉冠词。

【例】I would like coffee and two beers.

3)集体名词侧重整体概念时，也常作单数看，前面的不定冠词有时易漏掉。

【例】This house isn't big enough for family of seven.

4)常用的含不定冠词的固定搭配和习惯用法

twice a week a day or two for a time

once in a while all of a sudden once upon a time

as a matter of fact in a loud voice in a word

catch/have/get a cold do a good deed go out for a walk

have a good time make a face take a seat

as a result have a fever in a hurry

a great many in a moment

【例】He glanced at his watch and left in hurry.

3.缺少定冠词的常考点

1）再次提到上文中提到过的特定的人或事物时容易漏掉定冠词。

【例】I have been living in the city for five years, and five years makes a deep impression.

2)表示天体、方位、演奏的西洋乐器等名词前，以及序数词、形容词的最高级前容易漏掉定冠词。

【例】The sky is blue and sun is shining.

【例】His daughter plays piano very well.

【例】what new subjects are you going to have in second grade?

3)表示江河湖海、运河等的专有名词前易漏掉定冠词。

【例】We all know Yangtze River is the longest river in China.

4)常用的含定冠词的固定结构和习惯用法：

the +比较级...the +比较级动词+sb+介词+the+身体部位

by+the+计量名词in the 1990's

at the beginning of to tell the truth

with the help of put sb to the trouble of doing sth

at the moment at the age of

by the way at the same time

take the place of in the distance

in the end the other day

on the other hand

【例】He moved to America in 1980's and worked in a big company.

4.冠词的混用

1）不定冠词表示泛指意义，定冠词表示特指意义；用不定冠词时，以元音音素开头的词前用an, 以辅音音素开头的词前用a.