化工专业英语复习资料

Lesson 1Chemical Engineering

1、What is chemical engineering and its content?

The Institution of Chemical Engineers defines chemical engineering as “that branch of engineering which is concerned with processes in which materials undergo a required change in composition, energy content or physical state: with the means of processing; with the resulting products, and with their application to useful ends”.

2、What concept is the landmark in the development of chemical engineering?

Unit operations

3、What are the basic laws of chemical engineering science?

The principles of chemistry, physics, and mathematics.

The laws of physical chemical and physics govern the practicability and efficiency of chemical engineering operations. Energy changes, deriving from thermodynamics consideration, are particularly important. Mathematics is a basic tool in optimization and modeling.

4、Name the functions and branches of chemical engineering you know.

Chemical Engineering Functions: The design and development of both processes and plant items.

Branches of Chemical Engineering: Plastics, polymers, synthetic fibers, dyeing, pulp and paper manufactures, pharmaceutical industry, and separation of rare metals.

Lesson 2 Chemical Equilibrium and Kinetics

1、Which factors influence the reaction rates?

a)Temperature

b)concentrations of reactants (or partial pressure of gaseous reactants)

c)presence of a catalyst.

2、How to determine the reaction equilibrium constants?

For a reversible reaction：aA + bB = cC +dD

the equilibrium constant expression is written as follows:K = C c D d / A a B b

Lesson 3 The Second Law of Thermodynamics

1、What are the applications of chemical thermodynamics?

There is two major applications of thermodynamics:

( i ) The calculation of heat and work effect associated with processes as well as the calculation of the maximum work obtainable from a process or the minimum work required to drive a process.

( ii ) The establishment of relationship among the variables describing systems at equilibrium.

Lesson 4 Chemical Reaction Engineering

1、Homogeneous Reactions vs. Heterogeneous Reactions

Homogeneous reactions are those in which the reactants, products, and any catalyst used form one continuous phase; gaseous and liquid.

Heterogeneous reactions are those in which two or more phases exist, and the overriding problem in the reactor design is to promote mass transfer between the phases. The possible combinations of phase are:

( i ) Liquid-liquid ( ii ) Liquid-solid ( iii ) Liquid-solid-gas

( iv ) Gas-solid ( v ) Gas-liquid

2、Reactor Geometry(type)

Stirred Tank Reactors

Tubular Reactors

Packed Bed Reactors

Fluidized Bed Reactors