介词 冠词

介词 冠词
介词 冠词

介词:常考查介词用法50% 介词固定搭配40% 介词辨析10%

1 时间介词in on at for since in after by before until till during

2 方位,地点介词in on at to under over above below beside behind near inside across through along down up off

3 方式,手段介词in on by with

4 其他介词about between among of like with without for as against

用法及区别:

一、at、in、on

1)表示时间:

at表示某一具体时间点,noon/night/dusk/ midnight

in 表示时间段,一天的三个时间段以及月份,年,季节,世纪,人生的某个时期(某人几十岁时) on 表示星期几/某一具体的日子/具体某天的早中晚,

2 )表地点:

at 一般指较小的地点或较具体的位置at the station at the cinema

in 表示在较大的地点或一个有限空间里. in China in the classroom

on 指在某物体的表面

二、in /on / to 表方位

in包含(大鱼吃小鱼)Tanwan is ____ the southeast of China .

on接壤相邻(两鱼kiss)Hubei is ____ the north of Hunan .

to 相离(两鱼分手)Japan is _____ the east of China .

三、after、in+时间

after + 时间段. 表示以过去某一时刻为起点的一段时间之后, 用于过去时

in +一段时间. 表示说话时或以现在为起点的将来一段时间之后.用于将来时.

He came back ______ two days. He will come back _____ two days.

四in/on/over/above/under/below/上下位置

in 里面on表面over正上方、垂直(反:under)above上方(反:below)

五across/through/past/over/表经过

across 穿过平面(一边到一边:河,街道,公路)

through 穿过空间(窗户,森林,沙漠)

past 从某物旁边经过over上方位置(fly over)

六in/on/by表交通工具in/on+限定词+交通工具by+交通工具

On the school bus / on his bike by bike/bus

七in/by/with表方式、手段

In 使用语言、材料、工具(不用冠词)by用某种方式with工具(前有冠词)、身体部位Can you say it _____English ? He wrote a letter ____ blue ink. We can see _____our eyes.

He makes a living ___ selling newspapers . You can draw _____pen. You can draw _____a pen.

八except/besides/except for表除了

except 除外(不包含)besides除外(还有)except for肯定整体,排除一小部分,起修正作用everyone is invited _______ me. ______milk, we need more drinks.

His composition is very good_______ his a little terrible handwriting.

九since / for 用于现在完成时中.

Since:a).since +时间点b). 现在完成时+ since +一般过去时c).since +一段时间+ ago. for: for +一段时间= since +一段时间+ ago

十其他介词特殊用法

1. at 表示“以价格或速度(price、speed)

2. in 表示“穿着”后接表颜色的词或衣服.

3. on表示关于侧重于学术理论,about侧重人或事

4. with 伴随,和,带有

5. for 表为了,对于,长达

6. as 表作为,按照,和(the same as)

7. by +时间表到….为止;在附近=near

十一固定搭配

present

first

times

a while

time

the same time the end of the age of the way chance

fun

duty

foot business

the future fact

danger agree deal ask hear help spend look laugh worry prefer wait stop shout proud strict good

冠词:定冠词the40% 不定冠词a/an35% 零冠词25%

一. 不定冠词a/an 区别:不看字母看读音,不见原因(元音)别施恩(n)

1.泛指某一类人、事或物,这是不定冠词a/an的基本用法。

A horse is an animal

2.泛指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。

A girl is waiting for you.

3.表示数量,有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强烈。

I have a computer.

4表示“每一”,相当于every.

I go to school five days a week.我一周上五天课。

5.用在序数词前,表示“又一”,“再一”。

I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one.

6.用在某些固定词组中:

a lot(of), after a while ,a few ,a little ,at a time ,have a swim ,have a cold ,in a hurry ,for a long time, have a good time ,have a look

二. 定冠词的用法

1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物,这是定冠词的基本用法。The book on the desk is mine

2.指上文已经提到的人或事物。I have a car. The car is red.

3.指世界上独一无二的事物。Which is bigger, the sun or the earth?

5.用在序数词,形容词最高级前。The first lesson is the easiest one in this book.

6.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。the Great Wall 长城,the United States 美国

7.用在某些形容词前,表示某一类人。the poor 穷人, the blind 盲人

8 用在姓氏复数形式前,表示“全家人”.the Greens

9.用在方位词前。on the left 在左边,in the middle of 在中间

10.用在西洋乐器名称前。She plays the piano every day.

11.用在表示海洋,河流,山脉,群岛及国家和党派等名词前。

the Black Sea 黑海,the Yangzi River 长江

12.用在某些固定词组中:

all the same 仍然;all the time 一直;at the moment 此刻;at the same time 同时;by the way 顺便说;do the shopping/washing 买东西/洗衣服;

三零冠词的用法

1.棋类,球类运动,一日三餐名词前不用任何冠词Play chess play football have supper

2.季节,月份,星期,节假日名词前不用任何冠词.

In July in summer on Monday on Teachers’Day

3.人名,地名,国家名前不加冠词Beijing is the capital of China

4.学科,语言,称呼,职务名词前不用冠词Math is hard to learn

5.复数名词表示类别时不加冠词They are workers. I like eating apples.

6.名词前已有物主代词(my,your,his,her等)、指示代词(this/these,that/those)、不定代词(some,any等)及所有格限制时,不用冠词my book(正);my second trip to beijing

四.用与不用冠词的差异

in hospital 住院in the hospital 在医院里

in front of 在…(外部的)前面in the front of 在…(内部的)前面

at table 进餐at the table 在桌子旁by sea 乘船by the sea 在海边

a teacher and writer 一位教师兼作家(一个人)

a teacher and a writer 一位教师和一位作家(两个人)

in future 今后in the future 在将来on earth 究竟on the earth在地球上

初中英语介词代词冠词连词练习

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初中英语语法 冠词和介词

--- 冠词Articles 冠词作为一种虚词,是用来修饰名词的。冠词分为不定冠词、 定冠词和零冠词。 ?不定冠词a和an 1. a ---- e.g. a book / a hospital (用在以辅音字母开头的单词前面) 2. an ---e.g. an apple/ an engineer/ an actor/ (用于以元音字母开头的单词前) 特例: a university/ a European an honest man/ an hour ?定冠词the 1.之前提到过的人或事物,当再次提起此物或人时,用 the: e.g. There is a box in the room. And the box is mine. Judy bought a card. The card cost 5 dollars. 2. 说话双方都知道的人或事,我们也用the: e.g. Please close the door. Excuse me. Where is the hospital? It’s over there by the bank. 3. 当那人或事物是独一无二时,我们也用the:

e.g. Beijing is the capital of China. It has many attractions such as the Eiffel Tower. 在专有名词(国名/组织机构名/建筑物名)前the Great Wall the Yellow River the Summer Palace the UK the WTO the History Museum the Alps the People’s Republic of China 4. 用于某些名词或者形容词前,表示一类人,一个民族。 e.g. the Chinese 中国人the rich 富人the old 老人the young 年轻人the dead 死者the blind 聋人 the poor 穷人 零冠词(就是不需要加任何冠词) 1.交通工具名词前不用冠词 e.g. by car坐汽车by ship 坐船 by plane坐飞机on foot 步行 2. 在一日三餐名词前不用冠词。 e.g. have breakfast/ lunch/ supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭

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1.3 不使用冠词的特殊情况 (1)国名,人名前通常不用冠词 例: I’m from England and my name is Mary. (2)表示交通工具、 例: I usually go to school on foot, but sometimes I go to school by bike. (3)季节、月份、节日 例:We go to school from Monday to Friday. (4)在三餐、球类运动 例:have breakfast play chess 玩象棋 play basketball

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小学英语-冠词介词代词总结

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初高中衔接冠词、代词及介词基本用法 冠词 一、不定冠词(a/an) 1. 泛指某一类人或事物,相当于any。 A square has four sides. 2. 用于某些物质名词前。 a coffee 一杯咖啡; a tea 一杯茶;a heavy rain 一场大雨; a strong wind 一种强烈的信念 3. 用于专有名词前表示某一个。 a Mr. Green ; 一位格林先生a Mary; a Shakespeare of China 中国的莎士比亚 4. 用于某些固定结构中。 once upon a time , have a rest , take a bath , in a hurry , all of a sudden , as a matter of fact , It’s a pity that… . 5. 用于双重修饰结构中:so / as / that / too / how + adj. + a / an + n. 。 He is so good a teacher that all of us like him. 6. 冠词放在quite, many, such, what等词之后。 It is such an unusual work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it. 7. 用在事物的“单位”前,如价格、速度、比率的名词前,表示“每一”。Take this medicine three times a day. 8. 用于同源宾语中: die a … death ; dream a … dream ; fight a …fight ; sleep a … sleep; live/lead a … life; smile a …smile 二、定冠词(the) 1. 特指某人或物,用于区别同类中的其他人或事物。如: Is this the book you are looking for? 2. 特指世界上独一无二的事物或自然现象。但space表示“太空”,nature表示

介词的用法区别、冠词、数词、名词、形容词、动词

介词,是一种虚词。它不能单独在句子中担任成分,需要和名词、代词或相当于名词的其他类词、短语从句构成介词短语,来做句子的。 常用介词的用法区别: 1.表示时间关系的介词 ①at(在……点钟):用于表示具体时刻、时间的某一点。例如: at nine (o’clock ) 在九点钟at noon(正午时)at breakfast (早餐时) ②on(在……时候):用于表示某天,某一天的上、下午(指具体的某一 天时,一律用on)。例如: on Monday (在星期一)on June 6 (在6月6日) on Tuesday morning(在星期二早上)on that day(在那天) ③in用于表示年、月、周、季节和泛指的上午、下午、晚上(在一段时间 内)。例如: in 2012(在2012年)in May (在五月)in this week(在这周)in Spring(在春季)in the morning(在上午)in the holiday(在假期中) 2.表示场所、方向的介词 ①at在某地点(表示比较狭窄的场所、指小地方)例如: at home(在家)at school(上学)at the zoo(在动物园) at the cinema(在电影院) ②in在……里面、在……(表示比较宽敞的场所、大地方)。例如: in China(在中国)in Luoding(在罗定)in the park(在公园里) ④on在……场上,在……上面,有接触面。例如: on the desk(在桌子上面)on the floor(在地板上) on the playground (在操场上) ⑤over在……正上方(垂直),悬在……上面,是under的反义词。例如:There is a bridge over the river.(河上有一座桥。)

名词,冠词,数词,代词,介词

名词 名词的数 1、可数名词与不可数名词 A、不可数名词,初中阶段常见的不可数名词有:water ; meat ; rice ; bread ; milk ; tea ; orange(桔汁) ; fruit ; air ; snow ; chalk; work ; paper(纸) ; time(时间); music ; weather ; grass ; news ; food ; fish(鱼肉); coke ; porridge ; cake(可数或不可数). 不可数名词应注意以下几点: 1)前无数、冠,后无复数;作主语为三单. 2)表量用约数some /any ; much ; a lot of 或用of短语 eg. There is ____ bread on the table. [C] A. a B. one C. a piece of D. many There is some_______ on the plate. [B] A. apple B. fish C. milks D. deer 2、可数名词的复数 A、不规则变化: man—men ; woman—women ;child—children policeman—policemen Englishman—Englishmen Frenchman—Frenchmen foot—feet ; tooth—teeth mouse(鼠)—mice B、规则变化 1)s; sh; ch; x 结尾加 es 读 [iz] 2) ce; se; ze; (d)ge 结尾加 s eg. boxes [b ksiz] blouses [blauziz] 3)f (fe) 结尾则变f(fe)为v加es---读[vz] eg. knives [naivz] 4) “辅+y”结尾变y为i加es 清就清[s] 5)一般加s 浊就浊[z] eg. books[buks] pens[penz] babies[beibiz] 但注意以下几点: ① potato—potatoes ; tomato—tomatoes ②单复同形: fish ; sheep ; deer ; Chinese ; Japanese ③由man , woman在词首构成的复合名词应将两部分都变成复数 man doctor — men doctors ④ reef—reefs ⑤“某国人”的复数:中日不变英法变,其余s加后面. eg. German—Germans ⑥ people , police 常用单数形式表示复数概念 The police are looking for the missing boy. 3、名词所有格:名词’s (意思是“……的”) A.有生命的名词所有格,一般在后加“’s”但注意: 1)表两者共有则在后者加“’s” Lucy and Lily’s father 露西和莉莉的父亲 Lucy’s and Lily’s fathers露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲.

冠词是虚词

冠词是虚词

冠词 冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。 冠词可以说是名词的一种标志,它不能离开名词而独立存在。表示的主语数量或者特征 冠词分为不定冠词"a,an"、定冠词"the"和零冠词三种,零冠词指的是不用冠词的情况。 不定冠词表示泛指,定冠词表示特指。 不定冠词a/an的用法 不定冠词有"a和an"两种形式。"a"用在以辅音发音开头的词前,"an"用在以元音发音开头的词前。判断一个词是以元音开头还是以辅音开头,是根据读音而不是根据字母。一般情况下,开头字母是a、e、f、h、j、l、m、n、o、r、s、x前用不定冠词an。 1. 用于可数名词的单数形式前,表示"一" There is a tiger in the zoo. 动物园里有一只老虎。 2. 表示一类人和东西 A tiger can be dangerous. 老虎可能有危害性。 3. 表示"某一个"的意思 A gentleman wants to see you. 有一位先生要见你。 4. 表示"同一"的意思 They are nearly of an age. 他们几乎同岁。 The two shirts are much of a size. 这两件衬衫大小差不多。 5. 表示"每一"的意思 We go swimming four times a week. 我们每周去游泳四次。 6. 用在作表语的单数可数名词前,表示身份、职业 My mother is a teacher. 我妈妈是教师。 7. 第一次提到的人或事物,但不特别指明是哪一个 Long long ago there was an old king who had a very beautiful daughter. 很久很久以前,有一个年老的国王,他有一个非常美丽的女儿。 8. 在英国英语中,以"h"开头的多音节词,如第一个音节不重读,其前亦可用"an" There is a hotel near here. 这附近有一家旅馆。 9. 在such a,quite a句式中 He is quite a good actor. 他是一个相当好的演员。 Don't be in such a hurry. 不要如此匆忙。 10. 在感叹句 what...的句式中 What a pretty girl she is! 她是一个多么漂亮的女孩呀! 用在某些表示数量的词组中: a lot of 许多 a couple of 一对 a great many 很多 a dozen 一打(但也可以用 one dozen) a great deal of 大量 定冠词的用法

英语介词和连接词

英语词类分十种:名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 7、介词: 7.1、介词的主要用法: 介词是一种虚词,不能独立使用。介词之后一般有名词或代词(宾格)或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语,即构成介词短语。有些介词是由两个以上的词构成的短语介词,如: out of(从…中出来), because of(因为), away from(距离…), on top of(在…顶上), ever since(自从…), next to(在…隔壁), according to(根据…), in front of(在…前方)等。 7.2、介词的分类表:(见下表) 地点(位臵、范围)介词:above在…前, about在…附近, across在…对面, after在…后面, against倚着..., along在…近旁, among在…中间, around在…周围, round在….周围, at在…处, before在...前, behind在...后, below低于..., beside在...旁边, between在...之间, by在...旁, down在...下面, from来自..., in在...里面, inside在...里面, near靠近..., of在...之中, on在...上面, out of在...之外, outside在....外面, over在....上方, under在...下方, up在...上面, on top of在...顶部, in front of在...前, close to靠近..., in the middle of在...的中间, at the end of在...的末端,等等。 方向(目标趋向)介词:across横越..., against对抗..., along沿着..., around绕着..., round环绕..., at朝着..., behind向…后面, etween…and…从…到...,by路过/通过..., down向…下, for向..., from从/离..., in进入..., into进入..., inside到...里面, near 接近..., off脱离/除..., on向...上, out of向...外, outside向....外, over跨过..., past经过/超过..., through穿过..., to向/朝..., towards 朝着..., on to到...上面, onto到...上面, up向...上, away from远离... 时间介词:about大约..., after在…以后, at在… (时刻), before在…以前, by到…为止, during在…期间, for有…(之久), from从…(时)起, in在(上/下午);在(多久)以后, on在(某日), past过了…(时), since自从…(至今), through 贯穿…(期间), till直到…时, until直到…时, to到(下一时刻), ever since从那时起至今,at the beginning of在...开始时,at the end of在...末, in the middle of在...当中,at the time of在...时 方式介词:as作为/当作..., by用/由/乘坐/被..., in用…(语言), like与…一样, on骑(车)/徒(步),通过(收音机/电视机), over通过(收音机), through通过..., with用(材料),用(手/脚/耳/眼), without没有… 涉及介词: about关于..., except除了…, besides除了…还... for对于/就…而言, in在…(方面), of…的,有关..., on关于/有关..., to对…而言, towards针对..., with就…而言 目的介词: for为了..., from防止…, to为了… 原因介词: for因为..., with由于…, because of因为... 比较介词: as与…一样,like象…一样,than比...,to与…相比, unlike与…不同 伴随/状态介词: against和…一起(比赛),at在(上班/休息/上学/家,etc.),in穿着…(衣服/颜色),into变成...,on在(值日), with与…一起,有/带着/长着..., without没有/无/不与…一起 7.3、介词短语的句法作用: 介词短语相当于一个形容词或副词,可用作状语、定语和表语。如: The man came .(状)(那个人走下楼来) The woman is from the countryside.(定)(头上戴花的妇女来自乡下) The teacher is now with the pupils.(表)(老师现在和学生在一起) 7.4、介词短语在句子中的位臵: 介词短语做状语时,如果表示时间/地点,可以放在句首或句尾,如果表示方向/方式/伴随/涉及/原因/目的/比较,一般放在句尾;介词短语作表语时放在连系动词之后;介词短语作定语时,只能放在被修饰的名词之后。如: He wanted to find a good job in Shanghai the next year.(状语)(他想来年在上海找份好工作) They searched the room for the thief.(他们在房间里搜索小偷) The letters are for you.(表语)(信是给你的) Have you seen a cat with a black head and four white legs?(定语)(你看见一只黑头白腿的猫了吗?) 7.5、重要注释: ⑴this / that / these / those / last / next / a / every / each等词构成的时间短语,前面不用任何介词。如: Every year travellers from abroad come to visit Pingyao.(每年都有国外的游客来游览平窑镇)

冠词,介词

英语学习小口诀 几个形容词连用,排序:“情规形年颜国类,美小圆旧黄,法国木书房”。 时间介词on, at, in : at用在钟点前,on在星期日子前,in在年月季节前,早晚下午要用in 正午夜间用at ,如有修饰全用on,周末介词用on ,at。 宾语从句只用whether的情况:“前有介be狼,后有to,do虎,位句首,加是否(or not)”。 直接引语变间接引语陈述句转换(宾语从句):“三变一加”:变人称,变时态,变语序,加whether/if. 直接引语变间接引语疑问句转换(宾语从句):“四变一留”:变人称,变时态,变语序,变状语, 留疑问词。 直接引语变间接引语时一定注意:“客观真理永一现“。 定语从句只用that的情况:“最高序数人和物,强调不定用that”. 定语从句分合大法:“一找,二删,三替,四放”------一找出两句中重叠部分,二删确定从句 部分,三用相应的关系词代替被删部分。 四把关系词同句子一起放在被修饰词之后 现在完成时中打击瞬间动词小团体,成员:for , since , how long. 四大“拿”:take:拿走. bring :带来. carry: 搬,抬,运.(承载一定重量,如爱,关心,友谊等)fetch:去拿。 孤独“三侠客”:single:单身汉,alone:单独的,lonely:孤独的,偏僻的。 频率副词比大小:neve r ﹤hardly﹤seldom﹤sometimes﹤often﹤frequently﹤usually﹤always (从不)(几乎不)(很少)(有时)(经常)(时常)(通常)(总是) 不定冠词a/an用法:1.音素掌门:辅音音素前用a, 元音音素前用an 2.吸星大法:单个字母前用an:“father和mother能送来杏仁e,i,o]” ↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓ f h m n c l x r 3.“u”型大法:发[ju:]前用a, 如a university ; 发[Λ]前用an,如an umbrella. 4. 隔山打牛术:h不发音用an ,如an hour; h发音用a,如a hard egg. 5.杀手两招:a one_year_old boy ,辅音音素 an European boy ,元音音素 the不the原则:1.节日前:中国传统节日前(the);西方节日前(不the,凡带Day的都不加the) 2.乐器前:西方乐器前(the);中国传统乐器前(不the) 3.国名前:合称和简写(the),;简称(不the) 4.序数词:表顺序(the);表“又一”“再一”数量(a /an) 5.语言前:有language (the);无language (不the) 6.名称前:独一无二的建筑前(the); 人名,称呼,地名,街名,城市名前(不the) 零冠词原则:一日三餐除meal,年月季节星期前,再有学科,球类,棋类前。

高考英语语法突破:冠词、介词(短语)

第二讲冠词、介词(短语) 冠词 [思维导图] Ⅰ.冠词的基本用法 一、不定冠词 1.表示类指或指某类中的任何一个。 A virus is a very small living thing that causes disease. 病毒是一种引发疾病的微生物。 2.表示泛指。当说话人第一次提及某人或某物时通常用不定冠词,因此由不定 冠词构成的名词词组往往带有不确定的含义,相当于 a certain。 Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be a Picasso. 专家们认为最近发现的那幅画可能是毕加索的作品。 3.表示量指。不定冠词表示“一”这个数量,但数的概念没有one强烈。Suddenly they heard a loud voice. 他们突然听到砰的一声噪音。 4.表示“每”,相当于per,用在表示价格、速度、频率等的短语中。 Prices start at £13.95 a yard for printed cotton. 印花棉布以每码13.95英镑的价格起售。 5.表示“同一,相同”,相当于the same。 They happen to be of a n age and wear clothes of a color. 他们碰巧同龄而且穿着同样颜色的衣服。 6.用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前,使之具体化。这样的物质名词有:rain,snow,fog,wind,drink,coffee,beer,fire,paper等;抽象名词有:success,failure,

surprise,pleasure,beauty,wonder,comfort,danger,shock等。 He suddenly appeared on a rainy night,which was a great surprise to us. 他在一个雨夜突然出现,这使我们非常吃惊。 After preparing all the equipment for an outdoor shoot,suddenly a heavy rain came. 为户外拍摄做好一切准备后,突然下起了大雨。 7.不定冠词用于序数词前,强调“再一,又一”。 Live a good,honorable life.Then when you get older and think back,you’ll get to enjoy it a second time. 过一种优质而高尚的生活。那样,当你逐渐老去,回首往事时,你会再次享受到 生活的乐趣。 二、定冠词 1.表示特指的人或物或者双方都知道的或心中都明白的人或物或者指上文已经 提到过的人或事物。 the restaurant. Take your time—it’s just a short distance from here to 不着急——从这里到那家餐馆只有很短的一段距离。 2.用在世界上独一无二的名词前。 The earth goes around the sun. 地球围绕太阳转。 3.用于序数词、形容词的最高级前。 Is this the first time you have visited Qingdao? 这是你第一次游览青岛吗? China is one of the richest countries in natural resources in the world. 在自然资源方面,中国是世界上最富有的国家之一。 4.用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人或夫妻俩;或用于形容词或分词 前,表示一类人或物。 The explosion saw people rush to help the injured. 爆炸发生后,人们赶到现场帮助受伤的人。 The Greens are on holiday now. 格林一家(夫妇)现在正在度假。

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