冠词、介词用法

英语介词的用法

介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作主语, 状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。例如:

Most of the students went to the classroom.

大部分学生去了教室。

We play basketball on the sports ground.

我们在操场上打蓝球。

介词常与动词,形容词,名词一起构成固定搭配。

belong to 属于rely on 依靠

talk to 同...谈话be afraid of 害怕

be strict with对...严格

介词一般放在名词之前。但它后面的介词宾语是疑问代词,疑问副词或者关系代词时，这些词提到了前面而只剩下介词在后了。

Where do you come from?

你是哪儿人?

Who are you talking to?

你在跟谁谈话呢?

What do you study for?

你为了什么而学习?

介词在英语词汇中所占比例很小，但它们的用法却非常灵活,复杂。下列为常用介词及含义:

about 关于,附近,大约,周围,随身.

I have bought a book about Shakespearean.

我买了一本有关莎士比亚的书。

There are about fifteen trees in the picture.

图片里大约有十五棵树。

above 在....上,高出,以上,超过,在...上游.

The plane is flying above the clouds.

飞机在云上飞行。

I think the man is above sixty years old.

我想那人有六十多岁了。

across 横过,对面,交叉,在...的对面.

Can you swim across the river？

你能游过河吗？

We live across the street.

我们住在街的对面。

after 在...后面,依照.

He went home after school.

他放学后就回家了。

Read after me, please.

请跟我朗读。

against 撞到，靠着,反对,违背,

The car hit against the tree.

汽车撞了树。

He is standing against the wall.

他靠墙站着。

along 沿着,顺着.

They are walking along the river.

他们沿着河行走。

among 在...当中.

He is the tallest among them.

他是他们当中个子最高的。

around 在...的周围,在...那一边.

They sat around the table talking the news.

他们绕桌而坐谈论新闻。

There is a drugstore around the corner.

拐角处有一家药店。

as 作为.

He doesn't like people treat him as a child.

他不喜欢人们把他当小孩子对待。

at 在...时刻,在...点钟,在...岁时, 向，在...之中，按...速度,值(卖)...钱, He always gets up at six in the morning.

他时常早上六点钟起床。

He shot at the bird but missed it.

他向鸟射击，但是没射中。

The car goes at eighty miles an hour.

汽车以每小时八十公里的速度行驶。

before 在...的前面(位置),在...之前(时间)

He took a picture before the car.

他在汽车前照了张照片。

He can't finish his work before supper.

晚饭前他完不成工作。

behind 在...的后面(位置), 落后于，不如，

迟于,晚于(时间)

Are there any brooms behind the door.

门后有扫帚吗？

All of us are behind him in mathematics.

我们数学都不如他。

介词after与behind的区别

两者均可表示“在……之后”，其区别是：

1.after 主要用于时间或次序，behind 主要用于位置。如：

He decided to leave after lunch. 他决定午饭后离开。

Summer comes after spring. 春去夏来。

The hospital is behind the post office. 医院在邮局后面。

注：behind 有时也用于时间，表示“迟于”，主要用于behind time(迟，晚)这一习语。如：

The train was 20 minutes behind time. 火车晚点20 分钟。

2.两者都可用于引申义，after 侧重指追求、寻找、模仿等；而behind 则侧重指在背后、支持、落后等。如：

The police are after her. 警察在追捕她。

Many young people are after her. 许多年青人都追求她。

We are behind you completely. 我们完全支持你。

He is behind the others in maths. 他的数学不如别人。

below 在...之下,低于,

There are four lights below the ceiling.

天花板下面有四盏灯。

The murderer run away below the police's eyes.

杀人犯从警察眼皮底下跑了。

beside 在...的旁边,在...之外,与...相比.

He found the body by the river.

他在河边发现了尸体。

Beside yours，my computer is too slow.

与你的计算机速度相比，我的就慢多了。

besides 除...之外,

We are all here besides Bowe.

除鲍外，我们也都来了。

between 在...两者之间, （among）

The relations between the two countries has improved since then.

两国的关系从那以后得到了改善。

beyond 在...那边,

The shop you are looking for is beyond the street, you can't miss it.

你要找的商店在街的那边，你不会找不到的。

but 除去.

He has nothing but money.

他除钱以外什么都没有。

by 被..., 在...的近旁, 在...之前, 不迟于, 以...为手段。

The classroom was cleaned by the students.

教室由学生们打扫干净了。

Miss Lucy came to China by air.

露西小姐是乘飞机来中国的。

down 沿着...望下。

She walked down the street.

她沿着街道走。