新编英语语法教程第五版1 Sentence Structure

[2] SV
Intransitive Verb
[5] SVOC
Complex Transitive Verb
[3] SVO
Transitive Verb
[4] SVoO
Ditransitive Verb give, sell, buy, bring, send,
pass, leave, lend, teach,
(2011-TEM4) 58. Which of the following italicized parts is used as an object? A. What do you think has happened to her? B. Who do you think the visiting professor is? C. How much do you think he earns every month? D. How quickly would you say he would come? (2010-TEM4) 61. In the sentence "It's no use waiting for her", the italicized phrase is ____. A. the object B. an adverbial C. a complement D. the subject
Identify the following sentence pattern He came to help me with my math. SV I forced myself to get up this morning. SVOC I hope to see you again soon. SVO We should remain modest and prudent at any time. SVC 5. This kind of food tastes terrible. SVC 6. The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance. SVC 7. I’11 offer you a good chance. SVoO 8. We made him our spokesman. SVOC 9. David showed the professor the way to the library. SVoO 10. The plane is losing altitude. SVO 1. 2. 3. 4.
(2013-TEM4) 52. Xinchun returned from aboard a different man. The italicized part functions as a (n) _______. A. appositive (同位语) B. object C. adverbial D. complement
(2012-TEM4) 62. Which of the following prepositional phrases can function as an adverbial? A. Despite the rain, everyone enjoyed the trip. B. The man with a beard is talking to the manager. C. Every precaution was taken against the failure of the plan. D. Are you sure of Simon’s disappearance?
Sentence Clause
Subject
predicate
Operator
Predication
All the men
have
done their best
Exercises
Do exercises on P15-16 (Exercise 1A)
3. Basic clause types
(2012-TEM4) 58. Which of the italicized parts functions as an object? A. He doesn’t like the idea of my speaking at the meeting. B. It is no use your pretending not to know the matter. C. Her falling into the river was the climax of the whole trip. D. My parents strongly object to my going out alone at night. (2012-TEM4) 59. All the following sentences have an appositive EXCEPT______. A. Only one problem still remains, the food. B. She bought herself a pair of new shoes. C. My friends all understand and support me. D. She liked the current job, teaching English.
The combination of clause elements (phrases) are wholly or largely determined by the main verb in the clause, thus we have: [1] SVC
[2] SV
[3] SVO
[4] SVoO [5] SVOC
4）complement: 用来补充主语和宾语的意义的， 一般都注重说明主语或宾语的特征，常由名 词或形容词担任 Hill was declared the winner of the fight.
Subject Complement
I consider the book expensive.
Subject: the topic or theme of the sentence / telling of what the sentence is about / realized by a noun phrase or an
equivalent of noun phrase
Predicate: says something about the subject and bears the new information which the speaker or writer wants to transmit to receivers; a more complicated construction consisting of a verb phrase with or without complementation 1) Subject (S) Predicate can be analyzed into
短语或从句担任。具体说来，可用做状 语的有：副词、名词、代词、数词、形 源自文库词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句 等。
Practice
(2014-TEM4) 53. Which of the following italicized parts is used as an object complement? A. The front door remained locked. B. The boy looked disappointed. C. Nancy appeared worried. D. He seemed to have no money left.
2. clause analysis: Subject+ Predicate Verb + (complementation):
Sentence Clause
NP Subject All the men
VP Predicate verb have done
NP Object
their best
Subject+ Predicate
be
Linking Verb Sense verb
[1] SVC
表变化、保持类动词
E.g.
The dish tastes delicious.
The book on the desk is mine.
Many leaves turn yellow in the autumn.
He keeps fit.
Object Complement
Attention
可用作主语补足语的词语有“形容词、 名词、数词、不定式、分词、介词短语 、从句等。 可用作宾语补足语的词语有“形容词、 名词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短 语等。
5）adverbial: 是修饰动词、形容词、副词
以及全句的，常有副词或相当于副词的
(2010-TEM4) 63. Which of the following sentences has an object complement? A. The directors appointed John manager. B. I gave Mary a Christmas present. C. You have done Peter a favour. D. She is teaching children English. (2009-TEM4) 64. In "How much do you think he earns?" how much is ______ of the sentence. A. the subject B. the adverbial C. the object D. the complement
2) Predicate Verb (V)
3) Object (O) 4) Complement (C) 5) Adverbial (A)
1）Subject: 一句的主体，是全句诉说的对象，
常用名词或相当于名词的词担任，一般置 于句首。 2）Predicate Verb: 说明主语的动作或状态 的，常用动词担任、置于主语之后。 3）Object: 表示及物动词的动作对象和介词 所联系的对象，常由名词或相当于名词的 词担任、置于及物动词或介词之后。
Exercises
Do exercises on P19-21 (Exercise 1C)
Lecture 1: Sentence Structure 1. Clause elements
The construction of the simple sentence or clause
organized by a group of phrases goes as follows: subject + predicate