锻件的结构设计与工艺性分析

摘要

目前国内外的锻造方法主要的仍然是自由锻和模锻，工业发达国家的模锻大大超过自由锻。因为模锻生产率高，锻件尺寸精度高，材料利用率高，纤维组织沿锻件轮廓分布，故力学性能好，故强度高，耐冲击抗疲劳。如果能结合胎膜锻、型砧锻，其经济效益会显著提高，“锻压”是人类发明的最古老的生产技术之一，也是机械制造业中重要的技术之一。它包含了锻造和冲压技术，以及与之相关的塑性变形技术。锻造作为金属加工的主要方法和手段，因此锻造工艺是发展趋势，锻造加工能保证金属纤维组织的连续性，使锻件的纤维组织与锻件外形保持一致，金属流线完整，可保证零件具有良好的力学性能与长的使用寿命，锻件是机器中负重载荷的零件，特别适合结构尺寸小而载荷大或受疲劳载荷的零件。不懂锻件设计就有可能违反锻造原理和锻造结构工艺性,轻则延长零件的生产周期锻造加工能保证金属纤维组织的连续性，使锻件的纤维组织与锻件的外形保持一致，金属流线完整，可保证零件具有良好的力学性能与长的使用寿命，增加制造困难，增加成本；重则可能无法把您设计的零件锻造出来。本设计将通过对各种锻件的具体案例的结构设计及其工艺性进行分析，把握锻件的结构设计及其工艺性的制造规律，并通过其规律的把握，达到灵活运用制造技术，合理设计零件结构及其工艺的目的。

关键词：自由锻；模锻；锻造工艺；胎膜锻；结构

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Abstract

Currently，forging method at home and abroad，mainly remains Free forging and Roll forging，Model Forging of Industrial developed countries easily outnumbered Free forging. Beca mechanical property. High strength, impact fatigue resistance. "Forge" is one of the oldest use of high production rate of Roll forging，high dimension precision of forging，high utilization ratio of material and fibrous tissue distributes the outlines of forging，so it has good production technology of human invention, is one of the important technology in mechanical manufacturing industry. It includes the forging and stamping technology, and the plastic deformation associated with technology. Forging as main methods and means of metal processing . Forging ps histiocytomarocess can ensure the continuity of metallic fibrou , consistent with appearance of fibrous tissue and forgings forging, metal flow line complete, guaranteed parts with good mechanical properties and long service life, Forging is the weight-bearing loads in the machine parts, particularly suited to the structure of small size and loading large or subject to fatigue loading parts，If we can combine The fetal membrane hammers and the swage block hammers，the Economic efficiency will obviously enhances，so Forging craft is the trend of development, we will disobey Forging principle and Forging structure technology capability if we can not understand Forging design, the result range from not forging the components to protracting the production cycle, increasing manufacturing difficulties and costing this Graduation Project, we can grasp the law of the manufacture of structural design and forging structure technology capability by analysising the structural design of a wide range of forging and the technology capability, also nimbly use the technique of manufacture, reasonably design the structural and the craft by grasping the law.

Keywords:Free forging；Roll forging；Forging craft；The fetal membrane hammers；structural

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