跨文化交际Nonverbal language time space
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Architectural design influences how privacy is achieved as well as how social contact is made in public places.
Different Housing Styles
Touch Culture vs. Non-touch Culture
学,空间关系学)
the study of set measurable distances between people as they interact
Intimat Persona Social s Public s
“Body Bubbles”
Zones of Space
Intimate distance 0-45 centimeters
Cultural influence on territoriality can be best illustrated from the following two aspects:
Attitudes towards crowding Privacy
Crowding — how people feel when their personal space is limited
Chinese
English-speaking people
Chinese
tolerant of crowding waiting patiently
English-speaking people
cannot stand it try to avoid
Causes
Chinese
Englishspeaking people
(2) perceptions of past, present and future
The sense of time
a. Time is cyclical (循环的)
Life on earth evolved in response to the cycles of day and night and the ebb and flow of the tides.
I. Space
Space talks. -- Edward Hall
When you invade my space, I will… feel troubled get defensive become aggressive retaliate
Proxemics
the study of personal space for the purpose of communication (近体
Case study
The first time I came to the United States I stayed for over two years without returning home. My first trip home was really hard because I had forgotten a lot of my native language and I spent most of my time translating everything in my head first before I could express it in proper French. I also had a lot of problems readapting to French society and the way of doing things.
Personal distance 45-80 centimeters
Social distance 1.3-3 meters
Public distance farther than 2 or 3 meters
Northern American Zones of Space
Cultural styles also determine the amount of personal space.
M-time is noted for its emphasis on schedules, segmentation and promptness.
Touch culture
Arabs Southern and Western Europeans Jews
Latins
Biblioteka Baidu
Non-touch culture
Americans Northern Europeans
Orientals
Touching times recorded in an hour
London
Short Distance MediumDistance Long Distance
Latins
Americans
Japanese
Mediterranean Arabs
Northern Europeans
Mediterranean Europeans
Culture & Space
Japanese
your friend, say 10 a.m., when will you arrive? When you have made an appointment with
your teacher, say 10 a.m., when will you arrive? If you are a boss of a company, when the scheduled time for meeting is 10 a.m. when will you arrive?
One of my worst episodes was going to a post office and being very angry at the people around me because I perceived them as not knowing how to properly behave in a public place: they did not form in a waiting line but seemed to be packed in front of the teller, and they were also very close to each other without respecting the personal space that I had been accustomed to while living in the United States.
Where
to sit?
Choose the seat and describe why
Space influences human communication through territoriality.
Good German neighbors are quiet, do not intrude, keep the sideway clean, and tend the flowers nicely
Culture
German
American
Arab
French
Latin American
Small space
Large space
Space affects human communication in many other ways.
Classroom arrangements of desk and chairs A circular arrangement Sit in rows
Elements of Nonverbal Communication
NVC
Combined with the setting
Produced by the body
(kinesics)
Time (chronemics)
silence
Space (proxemics)
postures
facial expressions
eye contact
touch
paralanguage
gestures
Nonverbal Communication (II) — SPACE & TIME
In today’s class, we will…
appreciate how attitude toward use of space and time convey nonverbal messages in ICC
Western View of Privacy
“A man’s home is his castle.”
Japanese View of Privacy
Shoji Screen Doors
Fusuma Sliding Doors
Tatami Floors
II. Time
Time talks When you have made an appointment with
Population Density
a sense of
a sense of
“togetherness” “apartness”
Concept of body itself Body Territory
body + territory around the body
Privacy
Westerners have a strong sense of privacy. Oriental culture does not emphasize privacy.
Good Chinese neighbors …
paradox
in Finland &Denmark..
in sauna桑拿
Religious values may affect spatial arrangements.
The Navajo always build their hogan facing east, in order to face the rising sun.
Islamic people believe that the main entrance of important buildings should face in the direction of Mecca.
In China…
Architecture & Space
“Good fences make good neighbors.” “远亲不如近邻，近邻不如对门。” “大门不出、二门不迈”
b. Time is linear (线性的)
Western cultures think time is linear — a flow from the past to the present to the future.
monochronic (一元时间) vs. polychronic(多元时间）
Chronemics
Chronemics is the study of
how people perceive and
The sense of time
use time.
Two ways to study the concept of time
(1) monochronic vs. polychronic
http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XMT YwODYxMDI0.html
Territoriality
the pattern behavior associated with the defense of a territory (领地性)
The way people perceive territoriality is strongly influenced by culture.
Florida
Paris
Puerto Rico
London Florida Paris Puerto Rico
0
2
10
180
Would you talk to strangers in a crowded elevator? What’s your opinion about crowding? Would you like to stay alone?
Different Housing Styles
Touch Culture vs. Non-touch Culture
学,空间关系学)
the study of set measurable distances between people as they interact
Intimat Persona Social s Public s
“Body Bubbles”
Zones of Space
Intimate distance 0-45 centimeters
Cultural influence on territoriality can be best illustrated from the following two aspects:
Attitudes towards crowding Privacy
Crowding — how people feel when their personal space is limited
Chinese
English-speaking people
Chinese
tolerant of crowding waiting patiently
English-speaking people
cannot stand it try to avoid
Causes
Chinese
Englishspeaking people
(2) perceptions of past, present and future
The sense of time
a. Time is cyclical (循环的)
Life on earth evolved in response to the cycles of day and night and the ebb and flow of the tides.
I. Space
Space talks. -- Edward Hall
When you invade my space, I will… feel troubled get defensive become aggressive retaliate
Proxemics
the study of personal space for the purpose of communication (近体
Case study
The first time I came to the United States I stayed for over two years without returning home. My first trip home was really hard because I had forgotten a lot of my native language and I spent most of my time translating everything in my head first before I could express it in proper French. I also had a lot of problems readapting to French society and the way of doing things.
Personal distance 45-80 centimeters
Social distance 1.3-3 meters
Public distance farther than 2 or 3 meters
Northern American Zones of Space
Cultural styles also determine the amount of personal space.
M-time is noted for its emphasis on schedules, segmentation and promptness.
Touch culture
Arabs Southern and Western Europeans Jews
Latins
Biblioteka Baidu
Non-touch culture
Americans Northern Europeans
Orientals
Touching times recorded in an hour
London
Short Distance MediumDistance Long Distance
Latins
Americans
Japanese
Mediterranean Arabs
Northern Europeans
Mediterranean Europeans
Culture & Space
Japanese
your friend, say 10 a.m., when will you arrive? When you have made an appointment with
your teacher, say 10 a.m., when will you arrive? If you are a boss of a company, when the scheduled time for meeting is 10 a.m. when will you arrive?
One of my worst episodes was going to a post office and being very angry at the people around me because I perceived them as not knowing how to properly behave in a public place: they did not form in a waiting line but seemed to be packed in front of the teller, and they were also very close to each other without respecting the personal space that I had been accustomed to while living in the United States.
Where
to sit?
Choose the seat and describe why
Space influences human communication through territoriality.
Good German neighbors are quiet, do not intrude, keep the sideway clean, and tend the flowers nicely
Culture
German
American
Arab
French
Latin American
Small space
Large space
Space affects human communication in many other ways.
Classroom arrangements of desk and chairs A circular arrangement Sit in rows
Elements of Nonverbal Communication
NVC
Combined with the setting
Produced by the body
(kinesics)
Time (chronemics)
silence
Space (proxemics)
postures
facial expressions
eye contact
touch
paralanguage
gestures
Nonverbal Communication (II) — SPACE & TIME
In today’s class, we will…
appreciate how attitude toward use of space and time convey nonverbal messages in ICC
Western View of Privacy
“A man’s home is his castle.”
Japanese View of Privacy
Shoji Screen Doors
Fusuma Sliding Doors
Tatami Floors
II. Time
Time talks When you have made an appointment with
Population Density
a sense of
a sense of
“togetherness” “apartness”
Concept of body itself Body Territory
body + territory around the body
Privacy
Westerners have a strong sense of privacy. Oriental culture does not emphasize privacy.
Good Chinese neighbors …
paradox
in Finland &Denmark..
in sauna桑拿
Religious values may affect spatial arrangements.
The Navajo always build their hogan facing east, in order to face the rising sun.
Islamic people believe that the main entrance of important buildings should face in the direction of Mecca.
In China…
Architecture & Space
“Good fences make good neighbors.” “远亲不如近邻，近邻不如对门。” “大门不出、二门不迈”
b. Time is linear (线性的)
Western cultures think time is linear — a flow from the past to the present to the future.
monochronic (一元时间) vs. polychronic(多元时间）
Chronemics
Chronemics is the study of
how people perceive and
The sense of time
use time.
Two ways to study the concept of time
(1) monochronic vs. polychronic
http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XMT YwODYxMDI0.html
Territoriality
the pattern behavior associated with the defense of a territory (领地性)
The way people perceive territoriality is strongly influenced by culture.
Florida
Paris
Puerto Rico
London Florida Paris Puerto Rico
0
2
10
180
Would you talk to strangers in a crowded elevator? What’s your opinion about crowding? Would you like to stay alone?