book4_unit3__V-ing做表语_定语_宾语补足语_语法答案

高中英语（人教版）Book4 Unit3 A Taste of English Humour
Grammar: V-ing形式作定语、表语和宾语补足语
★学习目标
1.知识目标：掌握V-ing形式作定语、表语和宾语补足语的基本用法。

2.技能目标：在专项练习中灵活运用所学规则。

3.情感目标：通过学习V-ing形式作定语、表语和宾语补足语的基本用法，
让学生丰富句子内容，提高学生学习英语的兴趣。

★重点和难点
1. 重点：V-ing形式作定语、表语和宾语补足语的基本用法；
2. 难点：在做题中能够区分V-ing, done 和to do .
V-ing形式作定语、表语和宾语补足语
一、V-ing形式作定语
1. 单个v-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面。

①表示被修饰名词的用途或功能
a walking stick (=a stick for walking) 手杖 a reading room 阅览室
a washing machine 洗衣机游泳池 a swimming pool
②表示正在进行的动作
a sleeping child (= a child who is sleeping ) 正在睡觉的孩子
正在升起的太阳 a rising sun
2. V-ing短语作定语须位于被修饰的名词后面。

The student making the experiment(=who is making the experiment) is our monitor.
正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。

汉译英: 正与老师谈话的人是我的叔叔。

The man speaking to the teacher is my uncle.
3. 注意：现在分词，过去分词和不定式做定语的区别是：现在分词表正在主动或进行
意义；过去分词表示被动或完成意义；不定式表示将要发生的动作。

汉译英：
（1）正在打篮球的男孩儿是汤姆.
The boy playing basketball is Tom.
（2）用过的书used books 一颗倒下的树 a fallen tree
（3）我很多工作要做。

I have a lot of work to do.
【考例】There were some boys D near the window, so I couldn’t fall asleep.
A. to shout
B. shouted
C. shout
D. shouting
二、V-ing形式作表语
1. 当表示主语的内容时，表语与主语可调换位置。

My favorite sport is swimming. = Swimming is my favorite sport.
汉译英：我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。

My job is looking after the children.
2. 当表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(V-ing 相当一个形容词）时，表语与主语不
可调换位置。

这个问题很令人困惑。

The problem is quite puzzling / confusing.
3. 作表语的V-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。

V-ing 形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但作表语的-ing 形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语, 逻辑主语一般由形容词性物主代词或名词所有格来承担。

（1）What worries me most is her (Julia's) staying too late every night.
我担心的是她天天晚上熬夜熬得太迟。

（staying too late every night的逻辑主语
是Julia）
（2）The main problem is your not having practiced a lot.
主要的问题是你缺乏大量的练习。

（not having practiced a lot的逻辑主语是
you）
三、V-ing形式作宾语补足语
1. V-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，对宾语进行解释说明，表示一个正在进
行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。

其中，宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上有主动关系。

例：When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house.
a stranger 是found的宾语，standing in front of the house是宾语补足语。

2. 能用V-ing形式作宾语补足语的常见的几类动词:
(1) 表示感觉和心理状态的动词：(see, watch, notice, hear, feel, smell, look at, listen to,
observe, find ) 等动词+ sb. / sth. + doing sth. 其中doing sth. 做宾补。

汉译英：
我们听到隔壁一个女孩在唱歌。

(2) 使役动词（常见的有have, keep, get, leave, set, catch等）+sb/ sth + doing sth (作
宾补）
汉译英：
我们让火整夜燃烧着。

We kept the fire burning all night long.
我很遗憾让你一直等着。

I’m sorry to have left you waiting.
(3) see, watch, notice, hear, find 等后跟doing 与do 的区别：
doing表示动作正在进行，而do表示（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。

汉译英：
你听见有人在敲门吗？Do you hear someone knocking at the door？
你听见有人敲门了吗？Do you hear someone knock at the door?
四、语法专练
1. Tell Mary that there’s someone A for her at the door.
A. waiting
B. waited
C. waits
D. to wait
2. The A waiter came up to us and said, “You are welcome.”
A. smiling
B. smiled
C. smile
D. to smile
3. On festivals, the traffic police worked hard to keep the traffic B smoothly.
A. run
B. running
C. to run
D. being run
4. Do you know the boy D under the big tree?
A. lay
B. lain
C. laying
D. lying
5. I can hardly imagine Peter C across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
A. sail
B. to sail
C. sailing
D. to have sailed
6. There are lots of places of interest D in our city.
A. needs repairing
B. needing repaired
C. needed repairing
D. needing to be repaired
7. There were some boys D near the window, so I couldn’t fall asleep.
A. to shout
B. shouted
C. shout
D. shouting
8. As is known to us all, traveling is A , but we often feel ____ when we are back from
travels.
A. interesting; tired
B. interested; tiring
C. interesting; tiring
D. interested; tired
9. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English C as much as
we can.
A. speak
B. speaking
C. spoke
D. to speak
10. As the stone was too heavy to move, I left it C on the ground.
A. laying
B. lay
C. lying
D. lain
11. John’s bad habit is D without thorough understanding.
A. read
B. being read
C. to be read
D. reading
12. The next morning she found the man A in bed, dead.
A. lying
B. lie
C. lay
D. laying
13. People D in the city do not know the pleasure of country life.
A. live
B. to live
C. lived
D. living
14. When he awoke, he found himself C by an old woman.
A. looked after
B. be looked after
C. being looked after
D. be looking after
15. Sitting by her side, I could feel her heart_ C__.
A. beaten
B. to beat
C. beating
D. to be beating
16. --Did you see the boys yesterday afternoon?
--Yes. I saw them B the fence when I passed.
A. climb
B. climbing
C. climbed
D. to climb
17. With a lot of difficult problems C , the newly-elected president is having a hard
time.
A. settled
B. settling
C. to settle
D. being settled
18. What worried the boy most was A to visit his father is the hospital.
A. his not being allowed
B. his not allowing
C. his not been allowed
D. his being not allowed
19. Peter receive a letter just now C his grandma would come to see him soon.
A. to say
B. says
C. saying
D. said
20. The A boy was last seen near the East Lake.
A. missing; playing
B. missing; play
C. missed; played
D. missed; to play。