高中英语动词不定式.ppt

try to do sth
look after
think about
doing 动名词&现在分词
非谓语动词 done 过去分词
to do 不定式
to do 可以作除谓语之外的任何成分
不定式的形式： 主动
被动
一般式 to do
to be done
进行式 to be doing
/
完成式 to have done to have been done
He hurried to the school only to find nobody there. (结果)
To look at him, you would like him. (条件)
I came to Beijing to see you. (目的状语)
作目的状语时to do 中的to 可用 in order to 或 so as to代替，以加强语气，so as to 不放句首
高中英语
动词不定式
so ……that…… adj/adv + enough to do sth be caught in as a result of as a result wake up to 形式宾语 make/think/feel/find…+it +adj to do… 形式主语 It is + adj+(for sb) to do/doing/从句 prevent sb/sth (from) doing sth one after another sweep away
3) 作宾语 在vt之后 用to do 形式
此类动词： decide,hope,fail,plan,pretend,refuse,manage, agree,promise,等
She promised to give him a chance. 4) 作宾语补足语 v + sb/sth + to do(补充说明) 此类动词：want, wish, ask, tell, teach, allow等 He told me not to bring you anything.
在形式主语中 It is + adj+for sb to do… 与 It is +adj+of sb to do……的区别 for sb 结构中 adj 表示事情的特征，指客观情况 of sb 结构中 adj 说明sb 的特征。 It is foolish of you to say such words.
take in
give out
I couldn’t agree with you more
I have no idea
in a nutshell
It’s scary
I’ll do my best
from what I understand
put …into ……
take away
if possible
注意： to do 在感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice等和使役动词let, make, have等后面 作宾补时，省略to. 而help之后的to可加可不加。 I never let my child stay in the house all day. I heard her say that she’d like to go with me. Could you help me (to) repair the car?
you are foolish
It is necessary for us to learn our lessons well. we are necessary×
2) 作表语 (系动词之后为表语)
Your job is to wash dishes.
All I did was (to) give him some advice. 表语不定式如果解释主语中do的意义时，to可以省 略。
定语 宾语 定语
I had a very difficult job to do in my office yesterday.
时间状语
地点状语
不定式的句法功能：
1) 作主语 谓语动词用单三形式，常用it作形式主 语
To learn English well is not easy. =It is not easy to learn English well.
He has an important meeting to attend. (动宾关系)
He keeps his promise to write to us regularly. (同位关系)
动宾关系时：定语to do 的动词如果是不及物 动词或情况需要时，后面应加有必要的介词，如： Have you got a pencil to draw pictures with. He is a man to depend on. 6) 作状语：目的，原因，结果，条件 We were very excited to hear the news.(原因)
其否定形式：not to do
1) 一般式：表示不定式的动作与谓语动词动作同时 发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后。
He seems toBiblioteka Baiduknow French.(同时发生)
I expect to hear from you soon.
hear from you 动作在expect之后
2) 进行式：表示不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发 生并在进行中。
The doctor make him give up drinking. 被动： He was made to give up drinking.(主语补足语) 5) 作定语 (修饰名词) to do 作定语与所饰名词有以下关系：主谓关系， 动宾关系，同位关系，如：
She was the first girl to work out the problem. (主谓关系)
He pretends to be working hard.
3) 完成式：表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之 前。
I regretted to have told a lie.
先发生
关于句子成分：
必不可少的成分：主语 + 谓语 (+ 宾语)
主语 + 系动词 + 表语
其它成分：定语，状语，补足语
主语 谓语