微量元素和重金属对儿童的影响

・论著・

微量元素和重金属对儿童的影响

程艳

[摘要]目的通过对检测微量元素的分析,了解近阶段儿童微量元素分布状况,社会人群对补足常规微量元素的认知情况;通过对检测重金属铅和镉的分析,了解儿童受铅和镉的污染状况,干预后的改变情况。方法随机将2年门诊就诊的资料齐全的122例患儿进行静脉血检测常规微量元素、铅和镉;并对干预处理后的106例儿童进行复查。结果缺铁占22１13%,缺钙占7１37%,缺锌占4１1%,缺镁占1１64%,无铜和磷的缺乏。重金属铅大于100μg/L的49例,占40１16%;镉大于5μg/L的2例,占1１64%。对血铅大于40μg/L的106例患儿进行干预,对干预前后进行统计学比较及u检验,差异具有统计学意义。结论常规微量元素的缺乏有明显下降趋势,人群对补足常规微量元素有很高的认识,其危害明显的减少。重金属的污染对儿童健康的危害有上升的趋势,社会人群的知晓度很小;用合适的干预来降低血铅是很有效的,值得临床推广宣传。

[关键词]儿童;微量元素;重金属

[中图分类号]R348１5 [文献标识码] A [文章编号]1681-5459(2007)04-0292-03

Effects of micr oelement and heavy metal on children

CHENG Y a n.Central Hospita l of Chongqing Three Gorge,Chongqing404000,China

[Abstra ct]O bjective Through the analysis of the samples of children microelment examination,the writer tries to have a better knowledge of the kinds and amounts of microelements children get rencently,and how much knowl２edge people have on the supplement of routine microelements;Through the analysis of the samples of chikdren heavy metal exmination,to know the status of how children are affected by the pollution of lead and cadmium,and the im２provement of treatment.Methods A careful study of the blood exam results of the122samples of the hospital in the last two years,and the re２examinations of106of them.Results Who have got treatment,shows,22１13percent of them lack iron;7１37,calcium;4１1,zinc;1１64,magnesium;There is no lack of copper and phosphorus;Samples of lead greater than100μg/L are49,40１16percent of all;Those of cadmium greater than5μg/L are two,1１64 percent of all.After the treatment on those106children,who have blood lead greater than40μg/L,a great differ２ence is shown between the pre２treatment and post２treatment.Conclusion It s obvious that the lack of microelments is decreasing,and people have a better understanding of the supelement of microelments.The harm of pollution of heavy metals on children is increasing,as people have little knowledge of it.Treatment on children to decrease blood lead work is effective to be recommonded.

[K ey words]children;microelements;heavy metals

全社会对常规微量元素钙、铁、锌、镁、铜、磷缺乏对儿童的危害已非常了解;由于多年进行补给儿童微量元素的宣传教育,常规微量元素缺乏的危害已经很小[1,2]。而人们对重金属(铅、镉)对儿童的危害知之甚少;由于社会工业发展迅速,重金属对环境的污染日益加重[3,4],医务工作者有责任和义务向广大人群宣传这方面的知识;防止儿童铅中毒需要全社会的关注和参与,多部门合作开展健康教育[5]。通过研究用合适的干预可以降低血铅水平[6]。

作者单位:404000重庆,重庆三峡中心医院1资料与方法

1１1 一般资料2004年5月～2006年5月到我院门诊就诊,按规定进行检查和复查资料齐全的122例儿童为纳入对象,年龄3个月～13岁;男80例,女42例。年龄12个月以内9例,1～1岁11个月17例,2～3岁11个月31例,4～5岁11个月24例, 6～7岁11个月20例,8～9岁11个月12例,10岁以上9例。122例儿童中城市居住儿童91例,农村居住儿童31例。主动要求做常规微量元素的儿童108例,主动要求做铅和镉检测的儿童16例。

1１2 检测方法每例儿童抽取静脉血2～3ml,促凝管血标本送检,微量元素钙、铁、锌、铜、镁、磷采用