北师大版必修三语法知识

北师大版必修三各单元知识要点及语法

一．各单元知识点

第七单元：关系副词，介词+which引导的定语从句，形容词的比较级

第八单元：限制性和非限制性定语从句，静态动词和动态动词

第九单元：现在完成进行时态，现在完成时态和现在完成进行时态

3. 全书单词数量为：262个

词组数量为：40个

必修三语法知识

一、Relative Clause with where, when and why, where, when, why 引导的定语从句

关系副词where, when 引导的定语从句可提供时间和地点的信息，在reason后可用why 引导的定语从句。介词+ which /whom 引导的定语从句

关系代词可做介词的宾语，通常在which和whom前加介词即介词+which/whom 结构

This is the book for which he is looking.

可以根据定语从句所修饰的名词或代词来选介词，也可以依据从句的相关动词来选用。但在日常英语中，通常是吧介词放在从句句末，省略关系代词which 和whom

The train(which /that) I’m trav elling on is for Shanghai.

二、形容词和副词的比较

More and more 越来越…

Less /the least 不如/最不…

The …the …越…就越… The less I worried, the better I worked.

三、修饰形容词比较级

Much, a lot, slightly, a little, almost, a bit, far, even, still, twice/ three times …more than/twice as mu ch/many as/twice the +n +of …比…多/是… 的两倍/三倍。

四、状态或动作动词

英语中动词分为两类：动作动词和状态动词。动作动词描述动作，可用于一般时态和进行时态；状态动词描述状态，一般不用于进行时态。

状态动词

表达思维活动的动词：admit, believe, know, mean, prefer, realize, remember, think, understand, want, 表达情感的动词：adore，care, like, dislike, love, hate, hope

表达拥有和存在的动词：appear, be, belong, contain, have, include, need, seem, possess, own.

感官动词feel, hear, look, see, smell, sound, taste,有些状态动词也可以表示动作，在此意义上，这些动词可用于现在时。How are you feeling?

感官动词后用形容词修饰二不用副词。

The roses look and smell beautiful.

四、定语从句：defining and non-defining 限制性和非限制性定语从句

Ⅰ. 概念：

(1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。

(2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。

(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。

关系词的作用：

1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；

2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）

常用的关系代词: that、which、who、whom、whose、as 、but (文语, 置于否定词之后=that/who…not…,

"没有……不……", 在从句中作主语，宾语)

常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）: when、why、where

The student who answered the question was John.

I know the reason why he was so angry.

The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother.

I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.

定语从句三步：

第一找出先行词；

第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；

第三选择合适的关系词。

Ⅱ. 几个关系代词的基本用法：

●that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如：

1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. (主语)

2. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?

3. You can take anything ( that) you like. （宾语）

4. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about?

5. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.

6. She's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.（表语）

7. Our hometown is no longer the one (that) it used to be.

= Our hometown is not the same as it used to be.

= Our hometown is different from what it used to be。

= Our hometown is not what it used to be.

●which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。如：

1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主语）

2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.（宾语）

3. The factory in which his father works is far from here.

4. He was proud, which his brother never was. （表语）

5. T om spent four years in college, during which time he learned French.（定语）

6. He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him.

●who, whom, whose:

who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，在口语或非正式用法中作宾语; 只可指人

whom: 宾格，在从句中作宾语; 只可指人

whose: 属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。

I like the students who/that work hard. （主语）

All who heard the story were amazed. (代词如he, they, any, those, all, one等后多用who.) Chaplin, for whom life had once been very hard, was a success as an actor. （宾语）

He's a man from whom we should learn.

= He's a man (whom/who/that) we should learn from.

比较：He is the student whom you think to be worthy of your praise.

He is the student who you think is worth praising.

A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.（指人）

I'd like a room whose window faces south. （指物）

=I'd like a room of which the window faces south.