八年级上册英语课堂笔记(1-6单元)

八年级上册课堂笔记（1-6单元）
Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation？
1，一般过去时
基本结构：主语+动词过去式+其他；
否定形式：①was / were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原动词；
一般疑问句：①Was/Were+主语+其他？②Did+主语+动词原形+其他？
2，动词过去式规则变化：直接加ed；以不发音e结尾的单词，直接加d；以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加ed；以元音字母+y结尾的，直接加ed；以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母+ed
不规则变化的动词过去式（见书本最后一页）
3，go on vacation去度假be on vacation在度假
4，a nyone任何人，只用于指人，一般用在否定句、疑问句中，后面不接of 短语。

做主语时位于动词用单数。

Eg：Is there anyone at home？
any one任何一个，指人或物，后面接of 短语。

Eg：You can take any one of these books. 5，adj修饰不定代词后置anything special something important
enough作adv，修饰adj/ adv 后置old enough fast enough
else作adj，修饰疑问代词和不定代词后置what else who else something else 6，quite a few/ little 相当多
7，How/ what about+V-ing/ n/ 代词…怎么样？（表建议、询问）
8，most students= most of the students
“one of +the most +adj +n复数”表示“最…之一”
Eg：He is one of the most famous writers in China.
A most +adj +n 非常Eg：Hangzhou is a most beautiful city.
9，buy/ get sb sth= buy/ get sth for sb
10，what do you think of/ about…？= how do you like…？你认为…怎么样？
11，have fun，enjoy oneself，have a good/ great/ wonderful time+V-ing,
12，主语+ seem+（to be）+表语（n/adj）eg：Tom seems to be a smart boy/ happy.
It seems that从句eg：It seems that he understand.
主语+ seem to do sth eg：He seems to understand.
13，adj 以-ing结尾“令人…的”exciting，interesting，relaxing，boring
以-ed结尾“人感到…的”excited，interested，relaxed，bored
14，询问价格：How much is…? What’s the price of…?
表示价格高低：…be expensive/ cheap
The price of …is high/ low
15，get to, arrive in/at, reach,到达（如果后面接地点的副词home，here或there,就不用介词in ,at, to）
16，decide（not）to do
decide that从句
decide+疑问词+不定式
17，try（not）to do sth尽力
try doing sth 尝试
try/ do one’s best to do sth
try it on试穿（动副结构）try out试验have a try试一试
18，feel like感觉像feel like doing sth/ want to do sth/ would like to do sth
19，a lot of= lots of =plenty of
20，in the past在过去
21，enjoy/ like doing
22，感叹句：How+adj+主谓！
How+adj+a/an +n单+主谓！
What+ a/an +adj+ n单+主谓！
What+ adj+ n复/ 不可数+主谓！
23，more than=over超过less than 少于more or less或多或少
24，wait for等待
25，too many“太多”修饰可数名词复数
too much“太多”修饰不可数名词
much too“实在太”修饰形容词或副词
26，because+从句because of +n/ V-ing /代词
27，enough作adj修饰n，enough time enough money
have enough…to do sth eg：I have enough time to finish the work.
enough作adv修饰adj/ adv old enough fast enough
…enough for sb to do sth eg：The job is easy enough for me to do.
not…enough to do The book isn’t easy enough for me to read.
too…to…The book is too difficult for me to read.
so…that…The book is so difficult that I can’t read.
28，the next day第二天
29，remember/ forget+to do要做
+doing做过
30，Stop sb from doing sth阻止
Stop to do 停下来去做其他事
Stop doing 停止正在做的事
31，another two hours=two more hours
32，at the top of在…顶端，名列…之前强调点
on the top of在…上面强调面
33，find out查明，弄清find找到（结果）look for寻找（过程）
34，go on with/ doing sth继续原来的事
go on to do sth继续做别的事
35，so +adj +that +结果状语从句“如此……以致……”
eg：I was so busy that I didn’t go to sleep for 3 days.
so that 引导目的状语从句，以便，为了（in order to）
eg：they got up early so that they could catch the early bus.
so +adj +（a/ an+n单数）that It is so important a meeting that I can’t miss it.
such+ a/ an+ adj + n单数+that It is such an important meeting that I can’t miss it.
such+ adj+n复数/不可数+that
Unit 2 How often do you exercise？
1，How如何（方式）
how long多长（时间）答语常用“（For/ about +）时间段”
how far多远（距离）答语常用“（It’s +）数词 +miles/ meters/ kilometers”
how often多久一次（频率）答语常用“Always/ often/ every day/…”或“次数+时间”等表频率的状语
How soon多快，多久以后，常用在将来时中。

答语常用“in +时间段”
how many多少（接可数名词）how much（接不可数名词）
2，exercise作v 锻炼，运动
作[c] 操，练习do morning/ eye exercises
作[uc] 锻炼take much/ more exercise
3，at+钟点at 7 o’clock at noon/ at night（during/ in the day）at this/ that time at the age of on+ 具体某天、星期、特指的一天、纪念日、节日
on April 1st on Sunday on a cold winter morning on Teachers’ Day
in +上午、下午、晚上、年、月、季节、年代、世纪in the morning/ afternoon/ evening in 1999 in August in autumn in 1960s in the 21st century
4，help sb （to）do sth
help sb with sth
with sb’s help= with the help of sb
5，do（the）housework= do chores
6，频度副词（行前be 后）
Always usually often sometimes seldom hardly never
7，sometimes 有时（频度副词）sometime（将来）有朝一日，（曾经）某天Some times 几次，几倍some time 一段时间（前面用介词for）
8，go shopping= do some shopping
9，once twice three times
10，at once，right now，right away，in a minute，in a moment，in no time 立刻，马上once more再一次，重新once upon a time 从前，曾经
11，every day 每天everyday日常的，每天的
12，on the internet
13，what’s your favorite program？=what program do you like best？
14，free 空闲的in one’s free time be free
自由的as free as a fish freedom n.自由
免费的The best things in life are free.
15，be full =be busy忙的be busy doing sth/ be busy with sth
be full of充满eg：The bottle is full of milk.
16，How come？怎么会？为什么？
17，may be 为情态动词+动词原形，在句子中做谓语，maybe是副词，表示可能，大概，一般放在句首(perhaps)。

18，stay up doing sth熬夜做某事
19，stay/ keep healthy be in good/ bad/ poor health be good/ bad for one’s health 20，at least=no less than at most=no more than
21，ask sb about sth ask sb（not）to do sth ask sb for help/ advice/ information 22，the result of…的结果as a result 结果
23，be surprised that/ be surprised at/ be surprised to do 对…很惊讶
To one’s surprise另某人惊讶的是in surprise惊讶地
24，the answer to the question，a key to the door，a ticket to the ball game
25，although=though（与but不能连用）
Even though/ if即使，尽管as though/ if仿佛，好像
26，by介词+n/ v-ing/ 代词通过…方式
by oneself独自地by the way顺便问/说一下by chance/ accident偶然地
by mistake错误地learn by heart记住
27，the best way/ time to do 做某事最好的方式/时间
28，4个花费：人+spend/ spends/ spent+时间/钱+（in）doing sth/ on sth spend time with sb 人+pay/ pays/ paid +钱+for sth
It takes/ took sb +时间+to do sth
物+cost/ costs/ cost +sb +钱
29，die v.死亡，消失died过去式
dead adj死亡的，无生命的dead dog have/ has been dead for…=died…ago
dying adj垂死的，快死的
death n 死亡the death of…
30，before it’s too late趁来得及
31，“数字+percent of+ n”作主语，谓语动词取决于n
Eg：Twenty percent of the students exercise every day.
Twenty percent of time passes.
32，no one =nobody指人，回答who，anyone，anybody的提问
None指人或物，可接of 短语，（→all ≥3）回答how many/ much，any，及有特定范围（which）的提问
nothing指物，回答what，anything的提问
Unit 3 I’m more outgoing than my sister.
1，比较级，最高级变化规则
一般在词尾+ er或est；以e 结尾的加r或st；重读闭音节双写辅音字母+ er或est；辅音字母+y结尾的，改y为i+ er或est；多音节词和部分双音节词，加more或most。

不规则变化见书本P114
2，比较级用法
●基本句型：主语+be+比较级+than+比较对象
●两者相比较用比较级eg：Who do you think is more outgoing，Lily or Lucy？
●Very，more，quite，so，too等修饰原级；much，a little，a lot，a bit，far ，even等修
饰比较级
eg：I’m much/ a little / a lot / a bit /far more outgoing than my sister.
I’m even worse now.
●不能与人或事物自身相比较
eg：He is taller than any other student in his class.
China is larger than any country in Africa.
●比较对象要一致（that代替不可数名词，those代替可数名词复数，所有格，ones）
eg：The weather in Harbin is much colder than that in Wuhan.
The students of Class One study harder than those of Class Two.
My bike is newer than Tom’s.
●比较级中出现of the two/ twins结构时，adj比较级前要+the，不可用than
Eg：Tom is the taller of the two brothers.
●“get/ become+ 比较级+and +比较级”表示“变得越来越……”（多音节或部分双音节
用“more and more+原级）
Eg: It gets warmer and warmer when spring comes.
You’re getting more and more beautiful.
●“the+比较级……，the+比较级……”表示“越……，就越……”
Eg: The more you exercise, the stronger you will be.
●“As…as”中间接原级，表示“与…一样”，否定为“not as/ so…as”表示“不如”
Eg: He is as tall as his father.
He is not as/ so tall as his father.
●“比较级+than”(more/ less +原级+than)与“not as/ so…as”可以互换
Eg: I’m taller than you. Chinese is more important than Biology.
You’re shorter than me.Biology is less important than Chinese
You’re not as/ so tall as me. Biology is not as/ so important as Chinese
●比……大/多/长/宽几倍，用“主语+be+……times+比较级+than+比较对象”
Eg: Our classroom is twice larger than yours.
●重几斤，高几公分，大几岁……，用“主语+be+数量词+比较级+than+比较对象”
Eg: I’m six years older than you.
3，loudly大声地，响亮地（多含噪音之意）
aloud大声地，出声地（强调出声）read aloud call aloud for help
loud大声地，高声地，常与speak，shout，laugh，talk连用
响亮的，大声的loud voice
4，fast强调速度快run/ drive fast
quickly强调动作、行动快
soon 强调时间间隔短
5，competition体育，书法，朗读，音乐等比赛
match 体育竞技比赛，球类比赛
race 速度方面的竞赛，赛跑，赛龙舟等
6，win+比赛，奖项
beat+人，团队
7，ago 以前，用于一般过去时，放在一段时间后
before 在……以前，通常用于完成时，放在时间点或事件之前
8，the same as→be different from be similar to =be like
9，be good at+ V-ing=do well in 擅长于
be good for 对…有益（be bad for对…有害）
be good to 对…友好（good 可用friendly，nice，kind替换）
be good with和…相处好=get on/ along well with
10，true/ truly 指故事、说法、答案等与标准事实、实际情况相符
real/ really 指人或事客观存在，不是想象的
11，take care of=look after照顾
care for 照料、关心某人，喜欢某人、某物
care about 关心，计较，在乎
12，make sb do sth
make sb/ sth +adj make me happy
make sb +n. We made him monitor.
make sb +过去分词She spoke aloud to make herself heard.
make it 约定时间，做成某事，及时抵达Let’s make it at 10:00.
Don’t worry. He’ll make it.
13，both 位置：行前be 后
both of them/ us=they/ we both
both 作主语，谓语动词用复数
not both为部分否定，全部否定要用either…not或者neither
both…and…=not only…but（also）…否定为：neither…nor
14，be popular with sb受某人欢迎be popular in/ at在某地受欢迎
15，it is +adj+for sb +to do sth （adj修饰to do sth）It is important for me to learn English.
it is +adj+of sb +to do sth （adj修饰sb）It is kind/ friendly/ nice of you to help me. 16，bring out使显现出
17，share sth with sb和某人分享
18，other “其他的，另外的”，后接名词复数，有时other+n复数=others another “又一（个），另一（个）”，泛指总数为三个或三个以上中的任意一个，后接名词单数。

the other“（两者中的）另一个”，常与one连用，“one…the other…”表示“一个…，另一个…”
19，heart learn sth by heart用心记lose heart灰心
20，break the law/ rules/ world record违法/违规/打破世界纪录
Break off 打断break aw a y from摆脱，脱离break into破门而入break in插嘴Break down出故障break out爆发break up散火break one’s words食言
Have a break/ rest休息会儿
21，laugh发笑laugh at 嘲笑
Smile微笑smile at对…微笑
22，定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。

引导定语从句的词称为关系词。

关系词位于先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。

定语从句的关系词引导定语的关系代词有：that, who (whom, whose), which; 关系副词（在定语从句中只能作状语，且不能省略）有：when, where, why等。

关系词的选择主要取决于两个因素：(1)先行词是什么(2)先行词在定语从句中作什么成分。

●关系代词（that，who，which，whose，whom）引导的定语从句。

①that/ who在从句中作主语，先行词为人。

Eg：The girl that/ who is reading is my sister.
②that/ which在从句中作主语或宾语，先行词为物。

Eg：The book that/ which is on the desk belongs to Tom.(主)
He came back for the book that/ which he had forgotten.（宾）
③whose在从句中作定语，先行词为人或物。

Eg：This is the pencil whose point is broken.
That is the girl whose mother died two years ago.
④whom/ that在从句中作宾语，先行词为人。

Eg：The girl whom/ that I spoke to is my cousin.
●关系副词（when/ where/ why）引导的定语从句。

①When在从句中作时间状语，其先行词是表示时间的词（day/ year/ season等）。

例如：我永远不会忘记我入团的那一天。

I shall never forget the day______I joined the League.
解放军战士在人们最需要的时刻来到。

The PLA men come at the time ________ the people need them most.
②Where在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词是表示地点的词（place/ town/ home/ house）例如：你还记得我们初次见面的地方吗？Do you still remember the place ____we first met?
近来你去过你成长的小城吗？
Have you been to the town _________ you grew up recently?
③Why在从句中作原因状语，其先行词是reason。

例如：没有人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

Nobody knows the reason ____________ he is often late for school
23，call sb at +电话号码
24，information【UC】通过学习、阅读、观察等得到的信息、情报、资料（侧重内容）news【UC】广播、电视等报道的新闻、消息（强调新鲜、及时）a piece of news
message【C】口信、短信、信息（强调传递）take a message for sb
leave a message to sb
25，who do you think should get the job？=in your opinion，who should get the job？
Unit 4 What’s the best movie theater？
1，最高级的用法
●用于三者或三者以上的比较eg：Which do you like best，Chinese，Math or English？
●“one of+最高级+n.复数”表示“最…之一”
Eg：Lu Xun is one of the greatest writers last century.
●“the +序数词+最高级+n.单数+范围”表示“在…范围内…是第几…”
Eg：Hainan is the second largest island in China.
●先行词被最高级或序数词修饰，只能用that引导定语从句
Eg：My cousin is the funniest person（that）I know.
This is the first letter（that）I received from my sister.
●Of all +n.复数；of the +数（≥3）+ n.复数；in/ at+地点
2，Comfort v.使舒适，安慰comfortable adj. 舒适的(→uncomfortable) comfortably adv. 舒适地
3，Voice嗓音（说话声、歌声、笑声、鸟鸣声）in a low voice小声地
Noise杂音
Sound任何可以听到的声音
4，be close to靠近
5，choose-chose choose from从…中选择choose to do sth选择做某事
6，Can I ask you some/ a few questions?
7，Welcome to+地点
8，So far= until now= up to now至今为止
9，Around/ near here= in the neighborhood
10，thanks for +n/ V-ing
Thanks for your help/ thanks for helping me.
Thanks for your invitation/ thanks for inviting/ asking me.
—Thank you/ Thanks
—No problem/ You’re welcome/ That’s all right/ Not at all/ It’s a pleasure/ My pleasure/ That’s OK.
11，talent n.天资，才能talented adj.有天赋的(→untalented)
Have a talent for (doing) sth. 对（做）某事有天赋
12，around the world= all over the world
13，have…in common 有相同特征in common with 同…一样
14，Kind of 相当于副词，修饰形容词或副词，意为“稍微，有点”，与a little/ bit 相近
A kind of 意为“一种”，some kinds of 意为“几种”，different kinds of意为“不同种类的”，all kinds of 意为“各种各样的”。

这里的kind 是“种，类，属”的意思。

15，and so on等等
16，be up to是…的职责，由…决定be up to sb to do sth应由某人做某事
17，play a role/ part in doing sth在…中扮演角色，在…中发挥作用，有影响
18，部分否定：all，both，everyone，everybody，everything，everywhere，every，each，always 等与not连用表示部分否定。

全部否定：all—none，both—neither，everyone—no one/ nobody/ not anyone，everything—nothing/ not anything，every—no，always—never
19，make up编造（故事、谎言）
20，take…seriously认真对待
21，for example例如follow the example of…以…为榜样give an example举例set an example to给…树立榜样such as例如
22，come true
23，finish+ n/ v-ing
24，crowd v.拥挤eg：They crowd into the room.
n.人群eg：There was a big crowd at the football match.
A crowd of students are waiting for the bus
Crowded adj. 拥挤的
.
Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show？
1，不定式做宾语：want/ hope/ expect/ plan to do
2，Learn…from 从…学习learn sth by heart熟记learn sth by oneself自学
3，Plan to do sth/ plan on sth计划、打算做某事
Plan for sth考虑到某事make a plan for…为…制定计划
4，Hope to do/ hope that 希望（没有hope sb to do的表达）
I hope so/ I hope not
5，Happen to sb/ sth某人/物发生不幸的事eg：What happened to him？
Happen to do/ it happens that 碰巧
Happen偶然发生take place事先安排的、人为的发生
6，Expect (sb) to do/ expect that 期待
7，One day某天（过去、将来）some day某天（将来）the other day=a few days ago前几天8，Mean v.意味着（三单为means）
Means n.方法、工具、手段by means of
Meaning n. 意义、含义the meaning of
Meaningless adj. 毫无意义的
9，Mind v.介意would/ do you mind (one’s)(not) doing sth?
I don’t mind them.
make up one’s mind下决心change one’s mind改变主意never mind没关系、不必担心keep in one’s mind记住
10，think of认为、想起think about认为、考虑think over仔细考虑
11，be famous for因为…而著名be famous as作为…而著名
12，appear v.出现（→disappear消失）appearance n. 出现、露面、外表
13，come out出版、发表，出来，开花
14，succeed v.成功succeed in (doing) sth成功地做某事
Success n.成功
Successful adj.成功的be successful in (doing) sth成功地做某事
Successfully adv.成功地
15，reason结论性原因cause起因excuse借口
16，danger n.危险be in great danger处于极大危险中out of danger脱离危险endanger v. 使遭遇危险，危及
dangerous adj. 危险的endangered adj.有灭绝危险的
17，luck n.运气—lucky adj.幸运的（→unlucky不幸的）—luckily adv. 幸运地
18，be ready to do sth愿意做某事get ready to do sth准备去做某事get ready for为…做准备19，a pair of+ n复数做主语，谓语动词用单数eg：A pair of glasses is enough for me. 20，Take one’s place to do sth代替某人做某事
21，do a good job干得好
22，wear 表状态，接服装、手套、眼镜、香水等
put on 表动作，接服装（→take off）
dress 表动作，接sb/ oneself get dressed穿衣dress up盛装打扮
try on试穿（动副结构）try it on
(be) in+颜色或衣服eg：The girl in a red coat is my sister.
Unit 6 I am going to study computer science
1，be going to表将来（计划、打算）
肯定：主语+ be going to+ V原
否定：主语+ be not going to+ V原
疑问：be+主语+ going to+ V原
There be的将来时：there is/ are going to be
2，practice （doing）sth
3，grow up长大
4，keep doing sth继续不断地做某事
Keep on doing sth坚持做某事
Keep sb doing sth使某人持续做某事
Keep sb from doing sth= stop sb (from) doing sth阻止某人做某事
5，be sure about/ of +n/ v-ing/ 代词对…确信，有把握
Make sure 确保
Be sure to do务必、一定
6，worry about be worried about担心
7，medicine[UC] take medicine吃药pill[C]药丸
Medical adj.医学的medically adv.
8，日期、月份、年份等前面有next、last、this等词语时，要省略前面的介词on、in
9，send sth to把…寄往send sth to sb= send sb sth
Send sb to do派人去做send for 派人去请send up发射send out分发send off寄出10，be able to do能够做某事able adj.能够(→disable) ability n.能力(→disability) 11，make promises许诺promise to do sth
12，at the beginning of在…的开始
13，improve one’s life改善某人的生活improve oneself提升自己self-improvement n. 14，write down写下动副结构
15，have to do with关于，与…有关have nothing to do with与…无关
16，take up培养，学着做，占用（时间、空间）
17，no+ n单数= not a/ an + n单数There is no book on the desk= There is not a book on the desk.
no+ n复数= not any+ n复数I have no resolutions= I don’t have any resolutions.
no+ [UC]= not any + [UC] There is no water there= There is not any water there.
18，one’s own某人自己的。