2008年江苏省普通高校“专转本”统一考试大学英语

2008年江苏省普通高校“专转本”统一考试
大学英语
第I卷（共100分）
Part I Reading Comprehension （共40分）
Passage 1
Sometimes, people simply do not realize they are being ill mannered. Take Ted, for example. He prides himself on speaking his mind, and has something to say on everything. But his frankness is often extremely embarrassing.
He is incapable of saying, “I thought that last advertising campaign had a lot of good ideas in it, but perhaps next time we could give the copy more vitality (活力) .” Instead, he could say, “That campaign was a disaster. A child of three could have done better!”
The fact that he is often right does not help. Other employees dislike his manner even more, he is too sensitive to notice.
Another character among the list of ill-mannered employees is Sally, who seems to regard just being at work as a severe punishment. Everything is done unwillingly. Asking her to do a task beyond her basic job description is often not worth the trouble. It will be done, but half-heartedly.
Fergus is just the opposite. He shows an over-familiarity to his boss. When an important visitor is shown into the manager’s office, Fergus cannot take the hint and leave. Instead he w3ill attempt to take part in the conversation, declaring, “You can talk in font of me. Henry and I don’t have many secrets, do we? ” Over the years Pergus has fallen behind his former equals. But he seeks to maintain the same close relationship that he imagines existed in their younger days.
1. Which of the following words describes Ted best?
A. Cold
B. Tactless
C. Stupid
D. Warm-hearted
2. It can be inferred from the passage that Ted .
A. is well-known for his honestly
B. tends to blame others rather than himself
C. often gives the right idea in the wrong way
D. is treated unfairly by the management
3. Which of the following is true about Sally?
A. She thinks it’s unfair to have so much work to do.
B. She is unhappy to help others.
C. She hates being ordered about.
D. She does everything half-heartedly.
4. Form the passage, we can infer that Fergus .
A. was once close to all his colleagues
B. has remained in the same position for years
C. doesn’t know what a hint is
D. knows everything that happens in the office
5. The writer is taking the point of view of .
A. a colleague
B. people like Ted
C. an employee
D. a manager
Passage 2
A lot of real businesses are focusing on the Internet as a way of building sales, but some people with nothing to sell are creating their own Web sites to announce wedding plans, show off pictures of their kids or just have communication. It’s not as hard as you think and it can be a lot of fun. Carol Masser has some tips on building you own Web site. “Like my living room, or my study, it’s where I put, mementos (纪念品), collectibles (收藏物), books and paintings and things that I would like to show to my friends and relatives.”
Renne Tubegeihan uses his own Web site to invite people into his virtual home. While John Marashod designed his own Web site to attract other parents of disabled children. “I’d say the goal of this site is to basically link parents in the same situation with disabled children and exchange ideas with one another.”
Renne and John are part of a growing number of surfers who have established their own Web site. If you want to weave a Web yourself, it’s easier than you think. The first step is to get your own Web address. They’re sold by Web service providers like Microsoft, AT&T, and other local companies. You are expected to pay between 15 and 25 dollars every month to rent space for your site. But some companies, like Tripod and Geocities, issue the site for free if you agree to allow their advertising on your page.
Before you get into setting up your own Web site, you should go around and do some surfing and
check out other sites. Once you know what you want to do, it’s time to build. If you just want the basics, you can use Microsoft’s free Internet Assistant; or if you want to get a little fancier, you can by a software program like Adobe Page Mill for 100 dollars or Microsoft’s FrontPage Editor for 150 dollars.
6. According to the passage, some people create their own Web sites in order to .
A. sell their personal things
B. set up family business
C. communications with others
D. show off their Web-site building skills
7. What is the main goal of John Marashod’s Web site?
A. To contact parents who like to share their ideas on raising children.
B. To link parents who offer free service to disabled children.
C. To send information to disabled children.
D. To link parents with disabled children so as to communicate with each other.
8. Some companies offer free Web address provided that .
A. their advertisements are allowed to be put on the Web site
B. the Web service providers agree to put their advertisement on their Web sites
C. Microsoft and other service providers pay the monthly rent
D. 25 dollars are to Microsoft, AT&T or other local companies
9. What do you need to do after you get your Web site address according to the passage?
A. You need to contact a local company for free advertising.
B. You need to surf some web sites so as to decide what will be included in your Web site.
C. You need to learn the basic skills of creating a Web site.
D. You need to buy a software program called Adobe Page Mill.
10. What does the author think about creating one’s own Web site?
A. It’s very complicated.
B. It’s expensive by American standard.
C. It’s much easier than we think.
D. It’s just too simple.
Passage 3
Moods, say the experts, are emotions that tend to became fixed, influencing one’s outlook for hours, days or even weeks. That’s great if your mood is a pleasant one, but a problem if you are sad, anxious, angry or simple lonely.
Perhaps the best way to deal with such moods is to talk them out: sometimes, though, there is no one to listen. Modern pharmacology (药物学) offers a lot of tranquilizers (镇静剂), antidepressants and anti-anxiety drugs. What many people don’t realize, however, is that scientists have discovered the effectiveness of several non-drug approaches to make you free from an unwanted mood. These can be just as useful as drugs, and have the added benefit of being non-poisonous. So next time you feel out of sorts, don’t head for the drug-store, try the following approach.
Of all the mood-altering self-help techniques, aerobic (增氧健体的) exercise seems to be the most efficient cure for a bad mood. “If you could keep the exercise, you’d be in high spirits.” Says Kathryn Lance, author of Running for Health and Beauty.
Researchers have explained biochemical and various other changes that make exercise compared favorably to drugs as a mood-raiser. Physical exertion such as housework, however, does little. The key is aerobic exercise—running, cycling, walking, swimming or other repetitive and tamed activities that boost the heart rate., increase circulation (血液循环) and improve the body’s utilization (利用) of oxygen. Do them for at least 20 minutes a session, three of five times a week.
11. What id the main subject of the passage?
A. How to beat a bad mood.
B. How to do physical exercise.
C. How to talk bad moods out.
D. How to get involved in aerobic exercise.
12. It can be inferred from the passage that .
A. the best way to overcome a bad mood is to talk to oneself
B. when one is in a bad mood, he or she may not work very efficiently
C. some drugs are more effective than physical exercise
D. a person can make a big profit if he is in a good mood
13. “Feel out of sorts” in the second paragraph could be best replaced by “”.
A. put things in order
B. be in bad mood
C. search for tranquilizers
D. need a mood-raiser
14. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Doing housework can also help you overcome bad mood.
B. Aerobic exercise can make you in high spirits.
C. Swimming, walking, or running is an efficient cure for a bad mood.
D. Taking anti-anxiety drugs might do harm to people’s health.
15. Which of the following best describes the organization of this passage?
A. A procedure is explained and its significance is emphasized.
B. A problem is pointed out and solutions are given.
C. Two contrasting views of a problem are presented.
D. Recent pharmacological advancements are outlined in order of importance.
Passage 4
(非英语类学生必做，英语类学生不做，16—20小题。

)
The average person swallows about half-a-ton of food a year—not counting drink—and though the body is remarkably efficient at extracting (摄取) just what it needs form this huge mixture, it can only cope up to a point. If you go on eating too much of some things and not enough of others, you’ll eventually get out of condition and your health will suffer. So think before you start eating. It may look good. It may taste good. Fine! But how much good is it really doing you?
What you eat and the way it affects your body depend very much on the kinds of person you are. For one thing, the genes you inherit form your parents can determine how your body metabolism (新陈代谢) copes with particular foods. The tendency to put on weight rather easily, for example, often runs in families—which means that they have to take particular care.
And your parents many shape your future in another way. The way you are brought up shapes some basic attitudes to food—like whether you have a sweet tooth, nibble （吃零食）between meals, take big mountains or eat chips with everything. Eating habits, good or bad, tend to get passed on.
And then there is your lifestyle. How much you spend on food ( time as well as money ), how much exercise you get—these can alter the balance between food and fitness.
And finally, both your age and your sex may affect this balance. For example, you’re more likely to put on weight as get older, especially if you’re a woman.
16. Before eating something, we are advised to consider .
A. how good it will taste
B. whether we really need it
C. why we want to eat it
D. if we have eaten too much of it
17 We can infer from the passage that .
A. in order to keep fit, we should spend as little time and money as possible on food
B. nibbling between meals is a bad habit that will throw our body out
C. if other members of our family get fat quite easily, we probably will too
D. we can eat as much as we want and leave it to our body to select what it needs
18. If we love sweet things, it’s probably due to .
A. our body’s needs
B. our parent’s influence
C. our basic instinct
D. the taste of the food
19. According to the passage, which person is most likely to put on weight?
A. A successful young businessman.
B. A child who is picky about food.
C. A man with a good appetite.
D. A woman who has just retired.
20. What conclusion can we draw from this passage?
A. People need a standard to guide their eating.
B. Proper eating is the key to one’s health.
C. Women should pay more attention to what they eat.
D. The balance between food and fitness is hard to maintain.
Passage 4
(英语类学生必做，非英语类学生不做，16—20小题。

)
Mrs. P sneezes violently. Mrs. Q says, “Bless you!” Mrs. P says, “Thank you.” Again, this hardly seems to be a case of language being used to communicate ideas, but rather to maintain a comfortable relationship between people. Its function is to provide a means of avoiding a situation which both parties might otherwise find embarrassing. No factual content is involved. Similarly, the use of such phrases as “Good morning”or “Pleased to meet you”, and ritual exchanges about health or the weather, do not communicate ideas in the usual sense.
Sentences of this kind are usually automatically produced, and stereotyped in structure. They often state the obvious (e. g. Lovely day) or have no content at all (e. g. Hello).
They certainly require a special kind of explanation, and this is found in the idea that language is here being used for the purpose of maintaining good relationship between people. The anthropologist (人类学家) Bronislaw Malinowski created the phrase “phatic communication” to signal friendship—or, at least, lack of hatred. For someone to withhold these when they are expected, by staying silent, is a sure。