明喻与暗喻类比拟人

Simile 明喻

Simile：（明喻）用like, as, as…as, as if, as though, resemble, have a resemblance to, suggest, seem to等明显性词连接两类不同的事物。（1）（本体、喻体、喻词）缺一不可。（2）喻词必须是like, as, as…as, as if, as though等明显性喻词。(3) 两物在性质上十分不同，但在某一方面相似。

明喻与暗喻的区别：明喻把喻体和本体说成相似；暗喻干脆把本体和喻体说成是一致的。喻词。

1. 本体+动词+as/like+喻体

e.g.: The elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.

He declared that whites and negroes could live together only as master and man.

2. As/Just as+喻体，so+本体+喻体（就像B……一样, A也……）

e.g.: As cold water to thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.

Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our mind.

3. 本体+动词+as though/as if+喻体+动词（A…….好像B……）

e.g.: She looked both young and aging, as if she had just emerged from an illness or some crisis.

He was a beautiful horse that looked as though he had come out of a painting by Velasquez.

4. What + 喻体，that+本体（A对于……就象/好比B对于……一样）

e.g.: What salt is to food, that wit and humor are to conversation.

What food is to man, that manure is to crops.

5. 本体+to be+名词（本体）+what /as +喻体+to be+名词（喻体）（A对……好比B对……一样）

e.g.: Reading is to be the mind what/as exercise is to the body.

Air is to us what/as water is to fish.

6. 主语+动词+no more/less+本体+than+喻体或主语+not +本体+any more +than+喻体（正如…一样）

e.g.: Our village is no less beautiful than this picture.

A student can no more obtain knowledge without studying than a farmer can get harvest without

plowing.

Nations are not to be judged by their size any more than individuals.

7. 本体+be+as…+喻体（A象B一样…….）

e.g.: Her face blushed, becoming as red as an apple.

Death may be as heavy as Mount Tai or as light as a feather.

The full green hills are (as) round and soft as breasts.

8. 主谓+not as/so+本体+as+喻体(不是A，而是B)

e.g.: He thought not so much of possible death as of the urgent need to win, to defeat the enemies.

e.g.: Right now, it is not their accountants who are holding the companies back so much as their legal

advisers.

9. 主语+may/might +as well+动词+喻体+as+动词+本体（……不如…; …最好…; …还是…好）

e.g.: You may as well advise me to give up my fortune as my argument.

你劝我停止辩论还不如劝我抛弃我的财产。

You never listen—I might as well talk to a brick wall (as talk to you).

你从来不听我的话—我不如对着墙说话。

Metaphor 暗喻、隐喻

Metaphor：（隐喻）两类不同事物（本体和喻体）之间含蓄地比较，以表明相同关系的比喻。隐喻不用喻词连接本体和喻体，有时甚至本体和喻词都不出现，用喻词代替本体。

暗喻明喻

1. Kindness is the golden chain Kindness is like the golden chain

by which society is bound. by which society is bound.

2. Spare moments are the golden Spare moments are like the golden

dust of time. dust of time.

3. The world is a stage. The world is like a stage.

隐喻中的喻体可以用不同的表达形式，主要有以下五种：

1. 喻体带修饰语：The girl is a dead shot. He loves rosy cheek.

2. 喻体与本体成同位关系：

She was lady born, a jewel though probably she could do no more than just read and write.

Jewel 表示她的高贵和地位。

The machine sitting at that desk was no longer a man; it was a busy New York broker.

Machine, broker都指man，man 是有血有肉有感情的，但machine与broker都是冷酷无情，这两个词都刻画出那个人的另冷酷无情。

3. 隐去喻体，用动词表示喻义

He could not get rid of his stick now. His shriek sounded faintly, dulled by the billowing snow.

他现在仍然丢不下拐杖，她的尖叫声听起来模糊，备纷纷扬扬的大学压低了。

Shriek 为本体，dulled 表示like the dull voice, 它间接表示喻体的声音特征。

The boy is shooting up fast.

Shoot up 指植物快速生长，隐去喻体plant，表示grow up as fast as a plant.

4. 扩展式隐喻：这种隐喻一般有一个不变的本体，它带有一串的喻体，有时有两个以上的本体与喻体。