含蓄虚拟条件句的七种表现形式

含蓄虚拟条件句的七种表现形式所谓含蓄虚拟条件句即指将条件从句隐藏在上下文一定的短语中的一类条件句，其主要用法及表现形式可归纳如下：

1.将条件隐含在不定式短语中

I would write to her, but I don’t know her address. 我会给她写信的，就是不知道她的地址。(=If I knew her address, I would write to her. But…)

To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination. 你学习更用功些，你早就考及格了。(=If you had studied harder, you…)

2.将条件隐含在分词短语中

Born in better times, he would have been a scholar. 如果出生在好时代，他早就成为学者了。(=If he had been born in better times, he would…)

Failing this time, what would you do 假若这次失败，那你怎么办(=If you failed this time, what would…)

Walking alone in the dark, Mary would be terrified. 要一个人单独在黑暗中行走，玛丽会感到十分害怕。(If Mary walked alone in the dark, she…)

3.将条件隐含在介词短语中

But for your help we couldn’t have succeeded in the experiment. 如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验是不会成功的。(=If it hadn’t been for your help, we…)

In different circumstances, I would have said yes. 在不同的情况下，我就会同意了。(= If circumstances had been different, I would…)

4.将条件隐含在名词短语中

Any person who had behaved in that way would have been dismissed. 任何人这样做了都会被开除。(=If any person should behave in that way…, he would…)

A few hours earlier, and you would have seen the famous writer. 要是你早来几个小时，你就见到这位着名的作家了。(If you had come a few hours earlier, you…)

5.将条件隐含在某些连词中

I didn’t know that he was a cheat, or else I wouldn’t have believed him. 我不知道他是个骗子，不然我也不会相信他了。(or else=if I had known he was a cheat)) I’m really very busy, otherwise I would certainly go there with you. 我真的是太忙了，不然我就会同你一道去了。(other wise=if I were not so busy)

6.将条件隐含在定语从句中

Anyone who had seen that painting might have taken it for a photo. 凡是看过那画的人，都可能把它看成是照片。(=If anyone had seen that painting…)

7.将条件隐含在一定的上下文中

You might stay here forever. 你可以永远待在这儿。(=If you wanted to, you might…) Don’t bother to read all these papers. It would take too long. 不要费事看所有这些文件了，那会花太多时间。(=…If you read all these papers, It would take too long

独立主格用法详解

一、独立主格结构的形式

英语中，独立主格结构的形式有两类：一类是：名词或代词跟形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词连在一起，构成独立主格结构。另一类是：介词with / without后接名词或代词再跟形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词连在一起，构成独立主格结构。

A. 名词或代词+形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词

1.名词/ 代词+ 不定式。如：

A house to be built, we must save every cent. 由于要建一座房子，我们必须节省每一分钱。

Now here is Li Lei, Wei Fang to come tomorrow. 现在李蕾来了，魏方明天到。

2.名词/ 代词+ -ing分词。如：

The bus coming here soon, we should get everything ready. 汽车很快就要来了，我们应该把一切事情准备好。

Mother being ill, Li Lei was very worried. 母亲病了，李蕾非常焦急。

3.名词/ 代词+ 动词的过去分词。如：

His cup broken, he used his bowl instead. 茶杯破了，他就用碗来代替。

4.名词/ 代词+ 形容词。如：

The ground muddy, we should be careful. 地面泞泥，我们应该小心。

5.名词/ 代词+ 副词。如：

The class over, we all went out to play. 下课后，我们都出去玩。

6.

Glasses in his hand, he asked where his glasses were. 手里拿着眼镜，他问他的眼镜哪去了。

B. 介词with / without + 名词或代词+ 形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词

1.with / without + 名词或代词+ 形容词

He spoke to us with his mouth full of food. 她口里含着食物跟我们说话。

2.with / without + 名词或代词+ 副词

He left the office with the lights on. 他离开了办公室，让灯亮着。

3.with / without + 名词或代词+ 介词短语

The engineer came with a notebook in his hand. 那个工程师手里拿着笔记本过来了。

4.with / without + 名词或代词+ -ing分词

Don’t brush your teeth with water running. 不要在刷牙时让水流着。

5.with / without + 名词或代词+ 动词不定式

With so much work to do, the manager felt very worried. 这么多工作要做，经理觉得很焦急。

6.

With the road blocked, they had to turn back and ran round it in another way. 由于道路被堵，他们不得不转身从另一条路绕过去。

二、独立主格结构的句法功能

独立主格结构在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件和伴随等情况。

1.作时间状语

School over, the students went home. 放学后，学生们都回家了。