美国文学简史复习纲要

美国文学简史复习纲要

美国文学简史复习纲要Colonial Period 殖民时期(1600s-仃90s) America n Purita nism 美国清教主义：self-exam in ati on /self-improveme nt

I. Jon atha nEdwards (1703-1758)

Calvi nist加尔文教徒

II. Benjami nFran kli n 本杰明富兰克林(1706-1790)

(1)PoorRichard ' s Almanac

(2)The Autobiography 自传

Early America nRoma nticism 早期美国浪漫主义时期(1800s-1840s )

1. features

(1) As alogical result of the foreign

and n ative factors at work,

American romanticismwas

both imitative and independent

Washingtonlrving 华盛顿欧

文(1783-1859)

1. several names attached to Irving

(1)firstAmerican writer

(2) themessenger sent from the new

world to the old world

(3)father ofAmerican literature 美国

文学之父

2. works

(1) The Sketch Book见闻札记：Rip

Van Winkle, The Legend of Sleepy

Hollow

III. JamesFe ni more Cooper 库

柏(1789-1851)

1. works

⑴ Leatherstocking Tales 皮袜子故事

集:TheDeerslayer, The Last of the Mohica

ns, The Pathfi nder, The Pion eer, The

Prairie

2. literary achievements

Cooper ' s Leatherstocking

Tales effectively approximates the

America n n ati onal experie nee of

adve nture into theWest. He turned

the west and fron tier as a useable

past and he helped toin troduce

western traditi on to America n literature. Summitof Roma nticism - New

En gla ndTra nsce nden talism/America nRen aissanee新英格兰超验主义---美国浪漫主义鼎

盛时期(1840s-)

I. Appearanee 提出1836, “Nature ” by

Emers on爱默生、《论自然》

II. Features

1. spirit/oversoul

2. importanee of individualism

3. nature - symbol of spirit/God

4. focus in intuition (irrationalism

an dsubc on scious ness)

III. In flue nee

1. It helped to create the first

America n ren aissa nee 美国文学复兴-

I one ofthe most prolific period in

i American literature 、independent

i America nculture.

i IV. RalphWaldo Emerson (1802-1882 )

i

1. works

i

(1) Nature —the manifesto

i ofAmerica n Tran sce nden talism. 《论

自然》的发表是美国超验主义出现的标

志。

(2) The American Scholar 《美国学者》

regarded as the “ Declarati on of

IntellectualIndependence ” .

V. Hen ryDavid Thoreau 亨利大卫梭罗

(1817-1862 )

(1) Walden 瓦尔登湖“ Simplicity …

simplify! ”

(2) A Plea forJohn Brown (an essay)

He hated the huma n injustice as represe

nted bythe slavery system.

Late Roma nticism 浪漫主义后期

I. Natha nielHawthorne (1804-1864 )

1. works

(1) The Scarlet Letter 红

字：HesterPrynne 女主人公、Arthur

Dimmesdale 通奸的牧师、Roger

Chillingworth 化名的丈夫、Pearl女儿