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率和拼车率。同时，补贴也会对出租车司机收益、乘客乘车费用、乘客等待时间造
The rate and the rate of car. At the same time, subsidies will also be on the taxi driver revenue, passenger travel costs, passengers waiting time to build
度增加。所以，打车难度系数与人群年龄有关，结合实际情况，我们应该对模型进
Degree increase. Therefore, the difficulty coefficient of the taxi and the age of the crowd, combined with the actual situation, we should be on the model
一定程度上缓解了“打车难”。
To a certain extent, ease the taxi difficult".
但由于补贴是通过打车软件的使用来实现的，对于不同年龄的人群分析可知，
But because the subsidy is achieved through the use of a taxi software, depending on the age of the population analysis,
新的供给函数为 g1， g1同时又与原始满载率 0有关。又由分析可知，供求比越接近 1
The supply function for the new G1 G1, and at the same time with the original full rate of 0 for. And by the analysis, the supply and demand ratio closer to 1
群（如老年人等），由于出租车得到补贴后更愿意网上接单，导致老年人的打车难
Group (such as the old man), because the taxi subsidies are more willing to online orders, resulting in the elderly taxi difficult
为越优，我们以此为基础来进行构建打车难度系数评价模型。
For the better, we take this as the basis for the construction of a taxi difficulty coefficient evaluation model.
定义符号如下: q1：司机补贴量，q2：乘客补贴量，T：平均乘车时间，w:
Definitions are as follows: Q1: Driver subsidy, Q2: Passenger subsidies, T: average travel time, w:
平均等候时间，C:固定开销， p1：出租车单次收费， p2：乘客单次花费。
Average waiting time, C: fixed overhead, P1: Taxi single charge, P2: Passenger single cost.
定。利用模型一中的供给函数 g并对它进行改进，引入拒单率、拼车率、补贴，得到
Set. Using a model of supply function in G and its improvement, introducing single rate, rate, to carpool subsidies obtained
拼车会导致出租车总体的需求增大。而通过对司机以及乘客进行补贴，会改变拒单
Carpool taxi will lead to overall demand increased. And through subsidies for drivers and passengers, will change the refusal
接乘客，同时乘客也愿意多花更多的时间等待，从而实现供求匹配程度的改善，在
At the same time to pick up passengers, passengers are willing to spend more time waiting, so as to realize the matching of supply and demand in the degree of improvement.
数一般满足高斯分布，假定原始拒单量为0.3，可以求出拒单量与补贴的函数表
The number of general satisfies Gauss distribution and assumes that the original single refused to amount to 0.3, can be calculated to single volume table function and subsidies
行改进，引入中青年人在社会总体中的比例，来代表现实中实际的打车难度系数。
For improvement, introduction of young people in society as a whole in proportion to the taxi, on behalf of the real actual difficulty coefficient.
【【【【英汉对照翻译结果】】】】
1、模型建立
1, model establishment
在目前的供求匹配情况下，司机拒单会使得用户的需求得不到满足，乘客拒绝
At present, the supply and demand situation, the driver refused the order so that the user can not meet the needs of the passengers refused to.
【图片7部分未动】
图7：拒单率随补贴的变化曲线图
Figure 7: the single rate of rejection with the change of the curve of the subsidy
【图片8部分未动】【图片8部分未动】【图片8部分未动】【图片8部分未动】
老年人使用打车软件的次数要比中青年人少的多。因此，对于不使用打车软件的人
Older people use the number of taxi software is much less than in the young. Therefore, for people who do not use a taxi software
0.9。可以求得函数表达式为：(q2) 0.90.8/ (1e0.6(x110))。
拒单率和拼车率曲线变化图如下所示：
0.9. We can obtain function: - (Q2) from 0.9 at 0.8/ (1 e0.6 (x1 at 10)). To single rate and carpool curve as shown below:
验可知，拒单量是司机补贴的减函数。具体求解过程如下：由于现实中的相关函
Experience can be known, refused to be a reduction of the amount of the driver subsidies. The specific solution procedure is as follows: due to the reality of the relevant letter
图8：拼车率随补贴变化曲线图
Figure 8: the rate of change curve with carpool
subsidies
由上述分析可知，在给予司机和乘客一定补贴时，司机会更愿意去较远的地方
From the above analysis, to give the driver and passengers some subsidies, the driver will be more willing to go to distant places
达式为：(q1) 0.3e0.009q12
As for the (Q1) from 0.3e at 0.009 Q12 completely
拼车率是乘客补贴的增函数，其相关变化关系大致符合Logit模型变化，当补贴达到阈值，就认为再增加补贴时，拼车率不会发生变化。具体求解过程如下：利
Carpool rate subsidies passengers increasing function and the changes of roughly in line with the logit model change, when subsidies threshold is reached is considered to increase subsidies, carpooling rate will not change. The specific solving process is as follows: Li
分析可知，打车难度系数与中青年人占总人数的比例也近似满足反比例关系（如图
Analysis shows that the taxi difficulty coefficient with the young people accounted for the proportion of the total number of approximately satisfy the inverse proportion (Fig.
建立目标约束函数如下所示：
The target constraint function is established:
【公式，符合部分未动】【公式，符合部分未动】【公式，符合部分未动】
其中，拒单率和拼车率分别是关于司机补贴、乘客补贴的函数，结合现实经
Among them, to single rate and rate of carpooling is a function of the driver subsidies, subsidies for passengers, combined with the reality of the
关系如下图所示：
Relationships are shown in the following figure:
【图片6部分未动】【图片6部分未动】【图片6部分未动】【图片6部分未动】
定义打车难度系数为 F，它可以由供求比、拒单率、拼车率，补贴q决
The definition of taxi difficulty coefficient is F, it can be made by the supply and demand than, single rate, rate of to carpool subsidies -, q
成影响，进而影响供求关系函数。分析补贴对拒单率和拼车率的影响从而调整供求
Impact, thereby affecting the supply and demand function. Analysis of influence on subsidy rate and the rate of single to carpool to adjust supply and demand
用Logit模型，假定原始拼车率为0.1，假定阈值为20元，可达到最大拼车率为
Logit model assumes that the original carpool rate of 0.1, assuming a threshold of 20 yuan, a maximum rate of car
The rate and the rate of car. At the same time, subsidies will also be on the taxi driver revenue, passenger travel costs, passengers waiting time to build
度增加。所以，打车难度系数与人群年龄有关，结合实际情况，我们应该对模型进
Degree increase. Therefore, the difficulty coefficient of the taxi and the age of the crowd, combined with the actual situation, we should be on the model
一定程度上缓解了“打车难”。
To a certain extent, ease the taxi difficult".
但由于补贴是通过打车软件的使用来实现的，对于不同年龄的人群分析可知，
But because the subsidy is achieved through the use of a taxi software, depending on the age of the population analysis,
新的供给函数为 g1， g1同时又与原始满载率 0有关。又由分析可知，供求比越接近 1
The supply function for the new G1 G1, and at the same time with the original full rate of 0 for. And by the analysis, the supply and demand ratio closer to 1
群（如老年人等），由于出租车得到补贴后更愿意网上接单，导致老年人的打车难
Group (such as the old man), because the taxi subsidies are more willing to online orders, resulting in the elderly taxi difficult
为越优，我们以此为基础来进行构建打车难度系数评价模型。
For the better, we take this as the basis for the construction of a taxi difficulty coefficient evaluation model.
定义符号如下: q1：司机补贴量，q2：乘客补贴量，T：平均乘车时间，w:
Definitions are as follows: Q1: Driver subsidy, Q2: Passenger subsidies, T: average travel time, w:
平均等候时间，C:固定开销， p1：出租车单次收费， p2：乘客单次花费。
Average waiting time, C: fixed overhead, P1: Taxi single charge, P2: Passenger single cost.
定。利用模型一中的供给函数 g并对它进行改进，引入拒单率、拼车率、补贴，得到
Set. Using a model of supply function in G and its improvement, introducing single rate, rate, to carpool subsidies obtained
拼车会导致出租车总体的需求增大。而通过对司机以及乘客进行补贴，会改变拒单
Carpool taxi will lead to overall demand increased. And through subsidies for drivers and passengers, will change the refusal
接乘客，同时乘客也愿意多花更多的时间等待，从而实现供求匹配程度的改善，在
At the same time to pick up passengers, passengers are willing to spend more time waiting, so as to realize the matching of supply and demand in the degree of improvement.
数一般满足高斯分布，假定原始拒单量为0.3，可以求出拒单量与补贴的函数表
The number of general satisfies Gauss distribution and assumes that the original single refused to amount to 0.3, can be calculated to single volume table function and subsidies
行改进，引入中青年人在社会总体中的比例，来代表现实中实际的打车难度系数。
For improvement, introduction of young people in society as a whole in proportion to the taxi, on behalf of the real actual difficulty coefficient.
【【【【英汉对照翻译结果】】】】
1、模型建立
1, model establishment
在目前的供求匹配情况下，司机拒单会使得用户的需求得不到满足，乘客拒绝
At present, the supply and demand situation, the driver refused the order so that the user can not meet the needs of the passengers refused to.
【图片7部分未动】
图7：拒单率随补贴的变化曲线图
Figure 7: the single rate of rejection with the change of the curve of the subsidy
【图片8部分未动】【图片8部分未动】【图片8部分未动】【图片8部分未动】
老年人使用打车软件的次数要比中青年人少的多。因此，对于不使用打车软件的人
Older people use the number of taxi software is much less than in the young. Therefore, for people who do not use a taxi software
0.9。可以求得函数表达式为：(q2) 0.90.8/ (1e0.6(x110))。
拒单率和拼车率曲线变化图如下所示：
0.9. We can obtain function: - (Q2) from 0.9 at 0.8/ (1 e0.6 (x1 at 10)). To single rate and carpool curve as shown below:
验可知，拒单量是司机补贴的减函数。具体求解过程如下：由于现实中的相关函
Experience can be known, refused to be a reduction of the amount of the driver subsidies. The specific solution procedure is as follows: due to the reality of the relevant letter
图8：拼车率随补贴变化曲线图
Figure 8: the rate of change curve with carpool
subsidies
由上述分析可知，在给予司机和乘客一定补贴时，司机会更愿意去较远的地方
From the above analysis, to give the driver and passengers some subsidies, the driver will be more willing to go to distant places
达式为：(q1) 0.3e0.009q12
As for the (Q1) from 0.3e at 0.009 Q12 completely
拼车率是乘客补贴的增函数，其相关变化关系大致符合Logit模型变化，当补贴达到阈值，就认为再增加补贴时，拼车率不会发生变化。具体求解过程如下：利
Carpool rate subsidies passengers increasing function and the changes of roughly in line with the logit model change, when subsidies threshold is reached is considered to increase subsidies, carpooling rate will not change. The specific solving process is as follows: Li
分析可知，打车难度系数与中青年人占总人数的比例也近似满足反比例关系（如图
Analysis shows that the taxi difficulty coefficient with the young people accounted for the proportion of the total number of approximately satisfy the inverse proportion (Fig.
建立目标约束函数如下所示：
The target constraint function is established:
【公式，符合部分未动】【公式，符合部分未动】【公式，符合部分未动】
其中，拒单率和拼车率分别是关于司机补贴、乘客补贴的函数，结合现实经
Among them, to single rate and rate of carpooling is a function of the driver subsidies, subsidies for passengers, combined with the reality of the
关系如下图所示：
Relationships are shown in the following figure:
【图片6部分未动】【图片6部分未动】【图片6部分未动】【图片6部分未动】
定义打车难度系数为 F，它可以由供求比、拒单率、拼车率，补贴q决
The definition of taxi difficulty coefficient is F, it can be made by the supply and demand than, single rate, rate of to carpool subsidies -, q
成影响，进而影响供求关系函数。分析补贴对拒单率和拼车率的影响从而调整供求
Impact, thereby affecting the supply and demand function. Analysis of influence on subsidy rate and the rate of single to carpool to adjust supply and demand
用Logit模型，假定原始拼车率为0.1，假定阈值为20元，可达到最大拼车率为
Logit model assumes that the original carpool rate of 0.1, assuming a threshold of 20 yuan, a maximum rate of car