英汉翻译7翻译中的增词与减词
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back. • 他把椅子转了个向，叉开双腿一屁股坐在上面，下巴搁在椅子背上。 • 4) In the films of those days, all too often it was the same one: boy
tractor driver meets girl tractor driver, they fall in love and drive tractors together. • 在那些日子的电影里，总是老一套。男拖拉机手和女拖拉机手始而 相遇，继而相爱，终而肩并肩地开着拖拉机走了。
• 他是个性格复杂的人——喜怒无常、反 复多变、具有忧郁寡欢的特点。
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• C. after the abstract nouns
• 1) Nassar, with statesmanship and infinite patience, persuaded his quarrelling brother to sign an agreement.
• 4) In spite of yesterday's rainstorm, the crops lay lush and green in the early light.
• 虽然昨天遭受了暴风雨的袭击，庄稼在晨曦中显得郁郁葱葱，茂 盛异常。
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（二）增加形容词
• By supplying adjectives before nouns.
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• B. before the adjectives
• 1) This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine. • 这台打字机确实价廉物美。
• 2) He is a complicated man──moody, mercurial, with a melancholy streak.
• 他们差不多谈了八个小时，中间吃了一顿晚餐，接着一直谈到深 夜。
• 2) He favored the efforts to improve relations with all peace-loving countries.
• 他赞同为改善同所有爱好和平的国家的关系而进行努力。
• 3) "Nobody could count on his restraint or rationality, he said. • 他说,“谁也不能指望他会采取克制和讲道理的态度。”
• about such trifles.
• 不出两小时会议就要开始了，我没有闲工夫为这些琐事操心了。
• 3) “It'll make a man of him,” said Jack, “College is the place.”
• “一定会把他造就成一个堂堂的男子汉，”杰克说，“就是应该上 大学嘛。
Lecture Seven
•Amplification & Omission •翻译中的增词与减词
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1. Amplification
• 英汉两种语言，由于表达方式不尽相同， 翻译时既可能要将词类加以转换，又可能 要在词量上加以增减。增词法就是在翻译 时按意义（或逻辑上）和句法上的需要增 加一些词来更忠实地表达原文的思想内容。 这当然不是无中生有地随意增词，而是增 加原文中虽无其词而有其义的词。
• 1) "This is grasping at straws, I know, " said the helpless man.
•
“我知道这是在抓救命稻草。”他无可奈何地说。
• 2) With the meeting to begin in just a couple of hours, I hadn't the time to worry
• 3) The invading troops looted and raped whenever they went.
• 侵略军所到之处，掠夺财物，强奸妇女。
• 4) First you borrow, then you beg. • 一遭借钱，二遭讨饭。
• 5) Wash before you eat. • 吃饭前洗手。
• 4) He regarded the National Day edition of that paper as a collectors item.
ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
• 他把那份国庆版的报子视为一个收藏家的珍品。
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（三）增加副词
• By supplying adverbs before some verbs. • 1) Now and then his boots shone. • 他的皮靴不时地闪闪发亮。 • 2) A seagull saw the light from the window and darted up to it. • 一只海鸥见到来自窗户光线便飞扑过去。 • 3) He turned a chair around and straddled it, resting his chin on the
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2
根据意义上或修辞上的需要
• （一）增加动词
• By supplying necessary verbs before or after nouns.
• 1) They talked for almost eight hours through dinner and well into the night.
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5
（四）增加名词
• A. after the intransitive verbs
• 1) He began to see things and to understand. • 他开了眼界，并懂得了一些名堂。
• 2) He ate and drank, for he was exhausted. • 他吃了点东西，喝了点酒，因为他已疲惫不堪了。
• 纳赛尔以政治家的手腕和极大的耐心，说服了 争执不休的兄弟们签定了一项协议。
• 2) For many years there has been serious unemployment in the capitalist countries.
tractor driver meets girl tractor driver, they fall in love and drive tractors together. • 在那些日子的电影里，总是老一套。男拖拉机手和女拖拉机手始而 相遇，继而相爱，终而肩并肩地开着拖拉机走了。
• 他是个性格复杂的人——喜怒无常、反 复多变、具有忧郁寡欢的特点。
可编辑版
7
• C. after the abstract nouns
• 1) Nassar, with statesmanship and infinite patience, persuaded his quarrelling brother to sign an agreement.
• 4) In spite of yesterday's rainstorm, the crops lay lush and green in the early light.
• 虽然昨天遭受了暴风雨的袭击，庄稼在晨曦中显得郁郁葱葱，茂 盛异常。
可编辑版
3
（二）增加形容词
• By supplying adjectives before nouns.
可编辑版
6
• B. before the adjectives
• 1) This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine. • 这台打字机确实价廉物美。
• 2) He is a complicated man──moody, mercurial, with a melancholy streak.
• 他们差不多谈了八个小时，中间吃了一顿晚餐，接着一直谈到深 夜。
• 2) He favored the efforts to improve relations with all peace-loving countries.
• 他赞同为改善同所有爱好和平的国家的关系而进行努力。
• 3) "Nobody could count on his restraint or rationality, he said. • 他说,“谁也不能指望他会采取克制和讲道理的态度。”
• about such trifles.
• 不出两小时会议就要开始了，我没有闲工夫为这些琐事操心了。
• 3) “It'll make a man of him,” said Jack, “College is the place.”
• “一定会把他造就成一个堂堂的男子汉，”杰克说，“就是应该上 大学嘛。
Lecture Seven
•Amplification & Omission •翻译中的增词与减词
可编辑版
1
1. Amplification
• 英汉两种语言，由于表达方式不尽相同， 翻译时既可能要将词类加以转换，又可能 要在词量上加以增减。增词法就是在翻译 时按意义（或逻辑上）和句法上的需要增 加一些词来更忠实地表达原文的思想内容。 这当然不是无中生有地随意增词，而是增 加原文中虽无其词而有其义的词。
• 1) "This is grasping at straws, I know, " said the helpless man.
•
“我知道这是在抓救命稻草。”他无可奈何地说。
• 2) With the meeting to begin in just a couple of hours, I hadn't the time to worry
• 3) The invading troops looted and raped whenever they went.
• 侵略军所到之处，掠夺财物，强奸妇女。
• 4) First you borrow, then you beg. • 一遭借钱，二遭讨饭。
• 5) Wash before you eat. • 吃饭前洗手。
• 4) He regarded the National Day edition of that paper as a collectors item.
ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
• 他把那份国庆版的报子视为一个收藏家的珍品。
可编辑版
4
（三）增加副词
• By supplying adverbs before some verbs. • 1) Now and then his boots shone. • 他的皮靴不时地闪闪发亮。 • 2) A seagull saw the light from the window and darted up to it. • 一只海鸥见到来自窗户光线便飞扑过去。 • 3) He turned a chair around and straddled it, resting his chin on the
可编辑版
2
根据意义上或修辞上的需要
• （一）增加动词
• By supplying necessary verbs before or after nouns.
• 1) They talked for almost eight hours through dinner and well into the night.
可编辑版
5
（四）增加名词
• A. after the intransitive verbs
• 1) He began to see things and to understand. • 他开了眼界，并懂得了一些名堂。
• 2) He ate and drank, for he was exhausted. • 他吃了点东西，喝了点酒，因为他已疲惫不堪了。
• 纳赛尔以政治家的手腕和极大的耐心，说服了 争执不休的兄弟们签定了一项协议。
• 2) For many years there has been serious unemployment in the capitalist countries.