初中被动语态语法归纳及初中被动语态语法讲解

初中英语被动语态

一．语态概述

1.语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

2.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

例如：Many people speak Chinese.

谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。

3.被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，只有及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等词来表示被动意义。

如： He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）

The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态）

4.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。

例如：Chinese is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。二、被动语态的构成

被动语态由"助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词"构成。be有人称、数和时态的变化。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。

一般现在时：am／is／are＋spoken

一般过去时：was／were＋spoken

一般将来时：will／shall be＋spoken

现在进行时：am／is／are being＋spoken

过去进行时：was/were being＋spoken

现在完成时：have／has been＋spoken

过去完成时：had been + spoken

含有情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由"情态动词＋be＋过去分词"构成原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后"to"仍要保留。

We can repair this watch in two days.

This watch can be repaired in two days.

They should do it at once. It should be done at once

三.被动语态的用法

1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。

The bridge was built last year.这座桥是去年建造的。

He was elected chairman.他被选为主席。

2、当更加强调动作的承受者时。此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。

The room hasn't been cleaned yet.房间还没有打扫。

The tiger was killed by him.老虎被他杀死了。

3、当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。如：

The window was blown by wind.窗户被风吹开了。

The whole village has been washed away by the flood.

整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。

4、表示客观的说明常用"It is + 过去分词."句型。

It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.据说露茜已经出国了。

It is believed that he is a spy. (=He is believed to be a spy.)大家相信他是个间谍。其它常见的"It is + 过去分词+ that"句型还有

It is reported that…据报道

It is said that…据说

It is believed that…大家相信

It is suggested that…有人建议

四、主动语态变被动语态的方法

1. (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。

(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。

例如：All the people laughed at him.（主动）

He was laughed at by all people.（被动）

They make the bikes in the factory.

The bikes are made by them in the factory.

He cut down a tree. （主动） A tree was cut down by him. （被动）

2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：

1)、动词的主动形式表示被动之意

以主动形式表示被动之意的动词多为连系动词，如：look, feel, smell等。

下列动词没有被动式：happen， cost，take，have

An accident happened yesterday. 昨天发生了一起事故。

The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。

The watch looks good.这表看起来很好。

This book sells well.这本书畅销。

2）含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况：①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原位；②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词to或 for。如：

a. He gave the boy an apple．→The boy was given an apple．（或An apple was given to the boy．）

b. Her father bought her a present．→She was bought a present by her father．（或A present was bought for her by her father．）

3）不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态，改为被动语态时不定式前要加to。如：

They watched the children sing that morning．→The children were watched to s ing that morning．

4）带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语，宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。如：

We call him Xiao Wang．→He is called Xiao Wang．

He cut his hair short．→His hair was cut short．

They told him to help me．→He was told to help me．

5）短语动词是不可分割的整体，改为被动语态时要保持其完整性，介词或副词不可遗漏。如：

We must take good care of the young trees．→The young trees must be taken good care of．