人教版必修二：Unit+1+Section+Ⅲ Grammar——限制性定语从句+Word版含答案

Section ⅢGrammar——限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，书写时不可用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作附加补充说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清晰完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切，书写时往往用逗号分开。非限制性

定语从句一般不用that引导。

Do you know the girl who just came in?

你认识那个刚刚进来的女孩吗？(若把从句去掉，则不明白是哪个女孩)

The old woman，who lives on her own，has a cat for company.

这个老妇人一个人住，养了一只猫陪伴她。(若把从句去掉，仍然知道是哪个老妇人)

[即时训练1]单句语法填空

①My house，which I bought last year，has got a lovely garden.

②The boy that/who broke the window is called Tom.

一、只用that不用which的情况

1．先行词是不定代词all，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none等或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时。

Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?

你有什么要为自己说的吗？

2．先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only，the very (恰恰，正好)，the last，all，no，few，little，any等修饰时。

This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.

这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。

This is the only thing that we can do now.

这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。

3．先行词既有人又有物时。

The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.

你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就为我们所有人所钦佩。

4．当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也作表语时。

Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.

上海不再是过去的那座城市了。

5．当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。

Who is the person that is standing at the gate?

站在门口的那个人是谁？

[即时训练2]单句语法填空

①He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus.

②Here is the book about which I told you yesterday.

③This is the best way that is to be used against pollution.

二、只用which不用that的情况

1．引导非限制性定语从句。

Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others，which，of course，made the others envy him.

海伦对她最小的儿子比对其他的儿子好得多，这当然使其他的儿子很嫉妒她的小儿子。

2．关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前。

This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.

这是鲁迅曾住过的房子。

3．引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体或部分概念。

The result was not the same as they had expected，which was rather disappointing.

结果与当初预料的不一样，这令人很失望。

[即时训练3]单句语法填空

①Tom came back，which made us very happy.

②The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.

三、宜用who不宜用that的情况

1．当先行词是指人的不定代词时，如：one，ones，anyone。

Anyone who does that must be mad.

谁那样做都一定是疯了。

2．当先行词是I，you，he，they等人称代词时(常用于谚语中)。

He who doesn't reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。

3．当先行词为指人的those时。

Those who have good manners will be highly respected.那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的高度尊重。

4．在there be结构中，先行词是指人的名词时。

There is a young man who wants to see you.

有一个年轻人想见你。

[即时训练4]单句语法填空

①Do you know the ones who moved here recently?

②They who live longest will see most.

③Those who were once for him have turned against him.

四、关系代词作介词的宾语

关系代词作介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加紧凑，可以将从句中的介词提到关系代词前，形成“介词＋关系代词”结构。该结构中的关系代词可用which，whom或whose。

介词的选用

(1)根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯来确定。

先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方式等的词，它与介词之间有一定的联系。

Do you still remember the days during which we worked together?

你还记得我们在一起工作的那些日子吗？

(2)根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定介词。

该动词或形容词常与某些介词构成固定搭配。

The social problem about which the two sides are debating with each other is a very serious one.(debate with sb.about...就……与某人展开辩论)

双方正在展开辩论的社会问题是很严重的一个问题。

[名师点津]

关系代词作间接宾语时，用to或for。

The girl that Tom gave the dictionary to is very pretty.

汤姆给她字典的那个姑娘很可爱。

I know the boy whom you bought a white hat for.

我认识你给他买白帽子那个男孩。

(3)根据句子的意思确定介词。

有些句子，先行词完全一样，定语从句中谓语动词也不是固定的动词短语。这时，需要根据句子所要表达的意思选用不同的介词。