霍桑_红字作者及作品简介

The symbol serves as a weapon to attack reality. It can be found everywhere in his writing
to keep the reader in the world of uncertainty – multiple point of view
纳撒尼尔〃霍桑(1804—1864）是美国19世纪影响最大的浪 漫主义小说家和心理小说家。霍桑对当时美国社会道德论 丧和资产阶级的伪善不满，但是他又不想从根本上改变不 合理的社会制度，只谋求社会道德的改进，宣扬上帝，主 张道德的自我完善。 霍桑由于社会、家庭及自身的因素，形成了既为清教主义等 旧观念所萦绕，又抱有人道主义等美好理想的复杂的世界 观。他一方面摆脱不掉“原罪”、“赎罪”、“内省”、 “命定”之类的宗教迷信，但又从家族的负罪感出发，反 过来对清教的专制统治痛心疾首；他一方面接受了超验主 义哲学观，相信客观的物质世界只是某种隐蔽的神秘力量 的象征，又对当时风靡的“招魂”之类的巫术活动和科学 技术的新发明同样感到不可思议；他一方面对新生的合众 国满怀希望，但对社会上形形色色的腐化堕落及不平不公 的原因又十分费解，便只好到人性的爱与恨、善与恶中去 寻找答案。

Comments and Criticizes
Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote that "Nathaniel Hawthorne's reputation as a writer is a very pleasing fact, because his writing is not good for anything, and this is a tribute to the man” Henry James praised Hawthorne, saying, "The fine thing in Hawthorne is that he cared for the deeper psychology, and that, in his way, he tried to become familiar with it".
intelligent, capable, sympathetic
main charactors
Roger Chillingworth
scholar.aloof. active conscience
Hester Prynne
Arthur Dimmesdale
evil,inhuman cold-blooded
——纳撒尼尔•霍桑
作者介绍
故事简介
名家鉴赏
Author
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Nathaniel Hawthorne(1804-1864) is one of the most influential writers in America in the 19th century. His novel The Scarlet Letter published in 1850 ensures his permanent fame inliterature. Hawthorne was born in Salem,Massachusetts Some of his ancestor were men of prominence in the puritan theocracy. One of his ancestor was a colonial magistrate, notorious for his part in the persecution of Quakers,and another was a judge at Salem Witchcraft Trail in 1692. Gradually,the family fortune declined. Hawthorne was intensely conscious of the wrongdoing of his ancestors, and this awareness led to his understanding of evil being at the core of human life, so he seemed to be haunted by his sense of sin and evil in his life
1804年7月4日生于马萨诸塞州塞勒姆镇一个没落世家，4 岁丧父，1821年由亲戚资助进入博多因学院。1825年毕 业后回到塞勒姆从事写作。 1836年和1846年两度在海关任职 ，1841年参加超验主义 者创办的布鲁克农场。1842年后结识了作家爱默生、梭罗 等。1848年因政府更迭失去海关职位，后专心写作，完成 了他最重要的长篇小说《红字》。 1853年被任命为驻英国利物浦的领事 。1857年后他侨居 意大利，创作了另一部探讨善恶问题的小说《玉石雕像》。 此后他回国定居康科德，1864年去世时留下4部未完成的 长篇小说。
The Scarlet Letter 《红字》 Fanshawe 《范肖》 Young Goodman Brown 《小伙子布朗》 Rappaccini's Daughter《拉伯西尼医生的女儿》 Mosses from an Old Manse《古宅青苔》 The House of the Seven Gables《带七个尖顶的 阁楼》 The Blithedale Romance 《福古传奇》 The Snow Image《雪影》 The Celestial Railroad《通天铁路》 The Marble Faun《石像人面》
Major Themes of His Works
Sin and Evil History and Antiquity Alienation - a character is in a state of isolation because Puritan New England - used as a background and
Comments and Criticizes
Edgar Allan Poe wrote important and somewhat unflattering reviews of both Twice-Told Tales and Mosses from an Old Manse Poe's negative assessment was partly due to his own contempt of allegory and moral tales, and his chronic accusations of plagiarism."The style of Hawthorne is purity itself. His tone is singularly effective—wild, plaintive, thoughtful, and in full accordance with his themes We look upon him as one of the few men of indisputable genius to whom our country has as yet given birth
style
– typical romantic writer
a man of literary craftsmanship，extraordinary in
the use of symbol the use of ambiguity revelation of characters’ psychology the use of supernatural
The Scarlet Letter is the story of a triangular love affair in colonial America. In this novel Hawthorne condemned the Puritan philosophy of life. The novel is short but very moving. Prynne, a young and beautiful woman, came to New England two years before his husband, an old, ugly man who can not give Prynne love. Prynne, then falls in love with Dimmesdale, a young handsome clergyman and then has a baby, Pearl, because she can not get any news from her husband, thinking that he has died. When her "adultery" is discovered, she is punished to wear a scarlet letter "A" on her chest all her life.Her husband, Roger, tries his best to torment Dismmesdale.And Dimmesdale, suffering from both physical and spirit torment, announces his "sin" at last, he dies an honest man. Roger, withers at last, Prynne, restructures her life and wins people's respect, Pearl, leaves for Europe, marries a noble family, leading a happy life.
thank you
setting in many tales.
of self-cause, or societal cause, or a combination of both.
Other themes include individual vs. society, self-
fulfillment vs. frustration, hypocrisy vs. integrity, love vs. hate, and fate vs. free will, etc.
couple
adultery
Pearl
Evocative Names
The names in this novel often seem to beg to be interpreted allegorically. Chillingworth is cold and inhuman and thus brings a “chill” to Hester’s and Dimmesdale’s lives. “Prynne” rhymes with “sin,” while “Dimmesdale” suggests “dimness”—weakness, indeterminacy, lack of insight, and lack of will, all of which characterize the young minister. The name “Pearl” evokes a biblical allegorical device—the “pearl of great price” that is salvation.