非谓语动词解题指导及强化训练

非谓语动词解题指导及强化训练

在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式，动名词，和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。

1）不定式(to do) 表示目的，将来

时态\语态主动被动

一般式to do to be done

完成式to have done to have been done

2）动名词/现在分词–ing 表示主动，同时进行

时态\语态主动被动

一般式doing being done

完成式having done having been done

3）过去分词–ed 表示被动，完成的状态

否定形式：not + to do，not + -ing，not + -ed

在做题过程中，如果能按照“先结构，再语态，后时态”这三步思考，再难的题目也能迎刃而解。

一、先结构。

非谓语动词充当动词的宾语或宾语补足语的时候，它的形式要由前面的动词决定。因此，我们要先考虑它与前面动词固定搭配的结构形式。有些动词的宾语只接动词不定式(to do)，如agree, ask, decide, expect, pretend, want, wish, learn, seem等；而有些动词或动词短语则要求只能用动名词(-ing)作宾语，如appreciate, avoid, delay, allow, suggest, finish, practice, enjoy, imagine, forbid, risk, mind, stand, consider, insist on, escape, look forward to等；还有一些使役动词的固定搭配，如have sth. done等，动词搭配的结构已经固定了非谓语的形式。例如：

He was pretending ________ while his mother came in his study.

A. reading

B. to be reading

C. read

D. be reading

只要学生掌握动词pretend后只能接不定式作它的宾语，即pretend to do sth（假装做某事）这个结构的话，一眼就可选出B这个正确答案。

二、再语态。

不必考虑或考虑完毕非谓语动词的固定结构后，再分析非谓语动词与它的逻辑主语的关系，如果是被动关系，则要选用相应的被动形式，如to be done, being done, done等。例如：

______ from a distance, the mountain looked like a lion.

A. Seen

B. Seeing

C. To see

D. See

非谓语动词see与其逻辑主语the mountain的关系是被动关系，所以答案选A。

三、后时态。

前面两种情况都考虑完后，我们要根据语境分辨非谓语动词这个动作或状态与对应的谓语动词两个动作发生的顺序选择正确的时态。如果非谓语动词这个动作或状态在对应的谓语动词之前所发生的，则要用完成式having done, to have done（主动）或having been done, to have been done（被动）；同时发生的，用进行式doing（主动）或being done（被动）；之后发生的，可用不定式to do（主动）或to be done（被动）。如：

He seemed _______ by his father since he looked upset then.

A. to be scolded

B. to have been scolded

C. being scolded

D. scolded

首先，我们要考虑seem接宾语的非谓语动词形式是不定式，即seem to do sth.，其次我们要考虑scold 跟逻辑主语He的关系是被动，即seem to be scolded，最后我们要考虑时态，seemed已经是过去时，而且从句since he looked upset then也是过去时，因此scold这动作肯定是在seem和look之前发生。这样推下来，只有B项( seemed to have been scolded)符合题目意思和逻辑。

典型例题：

1. _______ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.

A. Surprising

B. Surprised

C. Being surprised

D. To be surprising

2. Don’t sit there ________ nothing. Come and help me with the table.

A. do

B. to do

C. doing

D. and doing

3. No matter how frequently _______, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.

A. performed

B. performing c. to be performed D. being performed

4. ______ this cake, you’ll need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour.

A. Having made

B. Make

C. To make

D. Making

5. My cousin came to see me from the country, _______ me a full basket of fresh fruits.

A. brought

B. bringing

C. to bring

D. had brought

6. Tom sounds very much ______ in the job, but I’m not sure whether he can manage it.

A. interested

B. interesting

C. interestingly

D. interestedly

7. ______ for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.

A. Blaming

B. Blamed

C. To blame

D. To be blamed

8. “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, ________ away.