2012汽车专业英语复习概要(南京工业职业技术学院,丁士清 出卷)

2012汽车专业英语复习概要
1.Thanslate the following English into Chinese.(10)
(1)heat energy(2)intake stoke(3)power stroke
(4)intake manifold(5)combustion chamber(6)timing gear
(7)ignition distributor(8)piston clearance(9)fuel system
(10)power system(11)air induction system(12)valve spring
(13)single point fuel injection(14)ignition coil(15)float chamber (16)spark advance(17)overrunning clutch(18)Automatic transmission (19)service brake system(20)brake shoe
(1)liquid-cooled engine(2)power stroke(3)exhaust valve
(4)timing gear(5)vibration damper(6)compression ring
(7)valve timing(8)torque converter(9)pressure regulator (10)clutch pedal(11)abnormal noise(12)instrument panel (13)detonation knock(14)universal joint(15)steering system (16)parking brake system(17)suspension system(18)Automatic transmission (19)service brake system(20)brake shoe
1)wheel speed sensor2)EBCM3)warning indicator
4)one-way clutch5)planetary gear set6)transaxle
7)Vehicle Speed Sensor8)Alternating Current9)MAP Sensor
10)parking brake system11)chassis12)pitman arm
13)closed loop system14)throttle body15)TBI
16)instrument panel17)ignition timing18)clutch pedal
19)starting system20)spark plug21)commutator
22)thermostat23)lubricating system24)crankcase ventilation
25)engine startability26)pressure regulator27)EFI
28)counterweight29)crankpin30)exhaust valve
2.Thanslate the following Chinese into English.(0.5X30)
1)进气行程2)活塞
3)燃烧室4)活塞间隙
5)气门推杆6)发动机气缸体
7)定时开关8)空气流量计
9)燃油滤清器10)水冷式发动机
11)水泵12)防冻液
13)点火线圈14)点火开关
15)点火分电器16)发动机过热
17)临界速度18)活塞敲缸
19)充电系20)扳手
21)燃油表22)传动系
23)悬架系统24)差速器
25)氧传感器26)进气温度传感器
27)废气再循环28)驱动轮
29)主缸30)防抱死制动系统
(1)连杆轴颈(2)内燃机(3)燃烧室
(4)电子燃油喷射（EFI）(5)节气门体燃油喷射(6)空气进气系统
(7)油底壳(8)活塞间隙(9)气门推杆
(10)敲缸(11)活塞销(12)手动变速器
(13)差速器(14)转向盘(15)传动系
(16)传动比(17)排气行程(18)上止点
(19)燃烧室(20)气缸体
(1)盘式制动器(2)鼓式制动器(3)转向盘
(4)手动变速器(5)初级线圈(6)分火头
(7)磁场(8)励磁线圈(9)电子控制燃油喷射系统(10)反馈控制(11)冷启动喷油器(12)空气流量计
(13)摩擦片式离合器(14)燃油泵(15)减振器
(16)传动比(17)排气行程(18)上止点
(19)燃烧室(20)气缸体
3.Thanslate the following sentences into Chinese.(3X5)
1)The lifter may be in direct contact with the tip of the valve stem,or it may bear against a push rod that functions along with a rocker-arm assembly to open a valve.
2)The ECU determines precisely how much fuel needs to be delivered by the injector by monitoring the engine sensors.
3)In the EFI system,it is possible to have systems using only one injector per engine(single point
fuel injection)or one injector per cylinder(multipoint fuel injection).
4)The ignition system on an internal combustion engine provides the spark that ignites the combustible air/fuel mixture in the combustion chamber.
5)Automobile brakes must be able to stop the car,prevent excess speed when coasting,and hold the vehicle in position when stopped on grades.
1)When the vehicle begins moving,the wheel speed sensors create signals,which are input to the EBCM.
2)The torque converter which acts like a clutch to allow the vehicle to come to a stop in gear while the engine is still running.
3)The TPS is mounted on the throttle body and converts the throttle valve angle into an electrical signal.
4)This brake system must be capable of holding the vehicle on a grade and bringing the vehicle to
a stop if the service brakes fail.
5)There are many conditions of the automobile that result in overheating,and the degree of overheating is indicated by the temperature gauge on the instrument panel.
4.Identify the English names of automobile assemblies according to the picture.(3×10)
（1）
（2）
（3）
（1）
Fig.1
（2）
Fig.2
5.Translate the following material into Chinese.
（1）After the piston reaches bottom dead center(BDC)，it moves upward again as the starter continues to turn the crankshaft in a clockwise direction．As the piston is beginning to move upward，the intake valve closes，and the exhaust valve remains closed．Since both valves are closed，the piston compresses the air/fuel mixture in the small space between the top of the piston and the cylinder head．As the piston reaches TDC again during its upward travel，the compression stroke of the piston is over．
（2）Some operating clearance must exist between the piston and the cylinder wall; however,some form of seal is necessary between the piston and the cylinder wall to prevent blowby.Blowby describes the escape of unburned and burned gases from the combustion chamber, past the piston,and into the crankcase.The manufacturer cannot fit a piston to a cylinder close enough to prevent blowby.Consequently,piston rings are used to provide the necessary seal to eliminate blowby and to control oil consumption.Automotive pistons have two kinds of rings: compression and oil control.The compression rings primarily seal against the loss of air/fuel mixture as the piston compresses it and also the combustion pressure as the mixture burns.While the function of the oil control ring is to prevent excessive amounts of oil from working up into the combustion chamber.
（3）For efficient engine operation throughout the range of speed and operating conditions,it is essential that the spark occur at the correct instant.That instant will vary according to engine load and speed.Therefore,a mechanism is provided to automatically advance and retard the spark as conditions require.On automotive engines,two methods usually are employed to actuate that mechanism,centrifugal force and engine vacuum.The corresponding devices are centrifugal advance component and vacuum advance unit.
（4）When troubleshooting the cause for overheating and consequent loss of coolant,the first step is to make careful visual inspection to see if there is any evidence of external leakage.All surfaces of the radiator and its hose connections should be carefully inspected.Leaks generally cause corrosion,which is easily seen.The visual inspection also must include the cooling fan and its drive belt.It is not too unusual for cracks to form in the engine water jacket.When cracks occur, the condition is usually indicated by extreme overheating.The crack is often difficult to locate, because it is not always visible to the naked eye.The condition is also complicated by the fact that the crack usually will close when the engine is cold,and open only when the engine is at operating temperature.
1)The purpose of an antilock braking system is to prevent wheel lockup under heavy braking conditions on any type of road surfaces.The most efficient braking takes place when the wheels are still revolving.If the driver slams on the brakes and the wheels lock,the followings will occur:（1)Driving stability is lost,and the vehicle skids.
（2)The vehicle can’t be steered.
（3)The braking distance increases.
（4)The risk of an accident increases.
2)Although gasoline engines have improved a lot,they are still not very efficient at turning chemical energy into mechanical power.Most of the energy in the gasoline is converted into heat, and it is the job of the cooling system to take care of that heat.In fact,the cooling system on a car driving down the freeway dissipates enough heat to heat two average-sized houses!The primary job of the cooling system is to keep the engine form overheating by transferring this heat to the air, but the cooling system also has several other important jobs.
3)The computer in the suspension system controls the direction and the speed of piston motion by getting command of the action of the four-port rmation on the movements of the suspension system is provided by the load sensor,the position sensor,and the accelerometer.So, when wheels drop into potholes or rise due to bumps,the hydraulic actuator is directed to lower or
raise the wheel while keeping the vertical position of the body fairly constant.。