英语国家概况UK-10[学生版本]
英语国家概况chapter10
PPT学习交流
8
The House of Representatives (众议院）
435 voting members
A term of two years
Six non-voting representatives from Puerto Rico(波多黎各) , the District of Columbia(哥伦比 亚特区） and four other territories of the U.S.
The judicial branch consists
of a series of courts:
the Supreme Court
the courts of appeals
the district courts
The Supreme Court—
highest court;
One Chief Justice and eight
The representatives must be at least 25 years old and a U.S citizen for at least seven years.
PPT学习交流
9
The law-making process
Houses introduce a bill or legislative proposal
• report to Congress on his military action abroad for approval
• can be impeached by Congress if abusing power or committing crimes
PPT学习交流
14
The Judicial Branch
英语国家概况章节概要
英国概况1. Land and People 国土与人民Different names for Britain and its parts 英国的不同名称及其区域正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
简称：联合王国，或UK。
首都伦敦。
它包括不列颠岛和北爱尔兰。
不列颠诸岛：包括不列颠岛，爱尔兰岛和几百个小岛。
爱尔兰岛：岛的北部地区，即北爱尔兰属于联合王国；岛的南部地区，称为爱尔兰共和国或爱尔兰，1949年独立，首都是都柏林。
三个政治区域：英格兰，苏格兰，威尔士。
由于帝国主义扩张政策，英国成为一个帝国。
两次世界大战后，其殖民地不断独立，大英帝国逐渐消失，1931年由英联邦取代。
英联邦：是由原英国殖民地组成的一个自由联合体，各独立成员国间，根据贸易协议实行经济合作。
英联邦没有特别的权力，目前有50个成员国。
2. Origins of the Nation 英国的起源Arrival and settlement of the Celts 凯尔特人的到来和迁居自公元前700年不断迁入，来自东欧及中欧，即现在的法国，比利时和德国南部。
三次入侵高潮：第一次是公元前600年，盖尔人。
第二次是公元前400年，布立吞（不列颠）人。
第三次是公元前150年，贝尔盖人。
强大的酋长卡西弗洛诺斯，莎士比亚剧本中的辛白林。
技艺：农耕，沼泽地排水，修建房屋，铁匠。
后裔：山地苏格兰人，爱尔兰人，威尔士人。
语言：是威尔士语和盖尔语的基础。
宗教：德鲁伊德教。
德鲁伊德指智者，占星家和占卜者。
采用活人祭祀。
Basis of modern English race: the Anglo-Saxons 现代英格兰民族的基础：盎格鲁--撒克逊人三支日尔曼（条顿）部落的入侵：朱特人：来自朱特兰岛（现丹麦南部）。
酋长亨及斯特和霍塞，帮助肯特国王伏泰根驱逐皮克特人和苏格兰人后，转而攻击伏泰根，最终亨及斯特成为肯特国王。
撒尔逊人：来自德国北部。
建立了埃塞克斯，苏塞克斯，威塞克斯。
《英语国家概况》课件
01
Overview of the United States
Summary: The United States has a rich and diverse geographical and historical background, which has had a profound impact on national development.
01
Overview of other English speaking countries
Summary
A country with abundant natural environment and resources, and a fusion of diverse cultures
Detailed description
THE FIRST LESSON OF THE SCHOOL YEAR
《英语国家概况》PPT课件
目
CONTENTS
introductionOverview of the UKOverview of the United StatesOverview of CanadaOverview of other English speaking countries
要点一
要点二
Detailed description
Canada is located in the northern part of North America, with vast land and abundant natural resources. Its history can be traced back to the indigenous period and later became a colony of France and Britain. After Canada gained independence, it gradually developed into a multicultural developed country.
英语国家概况chapter 10
The End!
Further Education and Higher Education
Further Education (继续教育，职业教育) Higher Education (高等教育)
Oxford
Cambridge
Newspapers and periodicals total number is 130 About free from state control Newspapers: independent of parties political leaning general ideas the largest advertising medium Rupert Murdoch’s News International daily according Sunday to date quality Types according popular to content Mid-market : the most important three are: Spectator , About periodical New Statesman and Society The Economist,
Higher education
General ideas
1.total number is 90 erned by royal charters or act of parliament 3.enjoy academic freedom 4.supported by public fund, tuition and research income Oxford-12th Old universities Cambridge-13th Others-14th to 15th Modern universities Open universities-open to any body and time
英语国家概况（伦敦）
AN INTRODUCTION OF THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES
AN INTRODUCTION OF THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES
AN INTRODUCTION OF THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES
AN INTRODUCTION OF THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES
AN INTRODUCTION OF THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES
The United Kingdom (Uk)
AN INTRODUCTION OF THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES
威斯敏斯特宫
AN INTRODUCTION OF THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES
威斯敏斯特宫
AN INTRODUCTION OF THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES
伦敦塔桥
AN INTRODUCTION OF THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES
North Ireland （北爱尔兰)
AN INTRODUCTION OF THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES
长宽比： 1:2 The Union Flag
米字旗是大不列颠及北 爱尔兰联合王国的国旗。 它是由英格兰的圣乔治 十字旗（白地红色正十 字）和苏格兰的圣安德 鲁十字旗（蓝地白色斜 十字）加上爱尔兰的圣 帕特里克十字旗（白地 红色斜十字）合并而成。
伦敦眼
英语国家概况（英国部分）
Chapt e r 1 The Land and Histo r y英国全称大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国，由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士及北爱尔兰构成，位于大西洋东部的不列颠群岛，是个岛屿国家，由大不列颠岛，爱尔兰岛北部和众多小岛组成。
面积约24.40万平方公里，人口超过6400万(2013年)。
英国属于温带海洋气候，常年温和多雨，气候多变。
受高纬度因素的影响，有类似极昼极夜的现象，冬季日短夜长，夏季日长夜短。
公元前3000年左右，伊比亚人最先到达大不列颠岛。
随后，比克利人、凯尔特人相继来到不列颠。
公元前1世纪到公元5世纪，罗马入侵。
罗马人撤离后，欧洲北部的盎格鲁撒克逊人和以丹麦人为主体的斯堪的纳维亚先后入侵。
到了1066年，诺曼底公爵威廉征服了英格兰，英国的封建制度正式形成。
1215年，国王约翰被迫签订了大宪章。
不久，议会制度形成，从此英国的王权被不断削弱和限制。
1688年，―光荣革命‖爆发，确立了君主立宪制。
18世纪后期到19世纪前期，英国成为世界上第一个开始并完成工业革命的国家。
19世纪是英国发展的鼎盛时期，分别建立了第一大英帝国和第二大英帝国。
到二战前夕，英国统治了世界约1/4的土地。
第一次世界大战以及第二次世界大战的爆发，导致英国的政治、经济势力大为削弱，失去了霸权地位。
随着其殖民地的相继独立，20世纪60年代，大英帝国彻底瓦解。
I. Gener a l Intro d ucti o n1. Locat i on and the Four Natio n s The full name of the UK is the Unite d Kingd o m of Great Brita i n and North e rn Irela n d. It is made up of four natio n s: Engla n d, Scotl a nd, North e rn Irela n d, and Wales . It is locat e d to the north w est of conti n enta l Europ e , separ a ted by the Engli s h Chann e l. Geogr a phic a lly, it is an islan d count r y, cover i ng an area of about 244,019 km 2, and consi s ts of Great Brita i n and north e aste r n part of Irela n d, toget h er with many small islan d s of Briti s h Isles . Great Brita i n accou n ts for over 90% of the count r y’stotal landm a ss. It is the large s t islan d off the north w este r n coast of mainl a nd Europ e with Engla n d, Scotl a nd and Wales on it. Irela n d is the secon d large s t islan d of Briti s h Isles locat e d to the north w est of Great Brita i n. It is divid e d into two parts : North e rn Irela n d and the Repub l ic of Irela n d (an indep e nden t count r y).Engla n d is the large s t part of the UK and occup i es most of the south e rn two third s of Great Brita i n. The total area of Engla n d is 130,410 km 2 with a popul a tion of aroun d 53.9 milli o n (Mid-2013 estim a ted), which cover s morethan 84% of the total UK popul a tion . It is the most popul o us and highl y urban i zed part of the UK . Londo n , the capit a l of the UK and Engla n d, as well as the seat of gover n ment , is locat e d in its south e aste rn part.Map of Briti s h Isles Scotla nd is the second larges t and most mounta inous part of the UK in the northof GreatBritai n. Compar ed with that of Englan d, the popula tiondensit y is quitelow. Thereare only 5.3 millio n people with an area of 78,789 km2. Edinbu rgh, its larges t city, is the capita l of Scotla nd. Scotla nd is famous for its beauti ful natura l scener y, such as Scotti s h Highla nds1and Loch Ness2, as well as many histor icalplaces, like the Edinbu rgh Castle s.Walesis on the wester n side of centra l southe rn GreatBritai n. The totalarea of Walesis 20,779 km2, whichaccoun ts for 1/4 partsof the UK. It is also a mounta inous part of GreatBritai n, partic ularl y in the northand centra l region s. The southe ast region is the most builtup region of Wales, and the majori ty of its popula tionlive thereand a largepropor tionof its indust ry is basedthere. Its capita l city, Cardif f, is also in this region.Northe rn Irelan d lies in the northe ast of the island of Irelan d, coveri ng14,139 km2, whichconsti tutes 1/6 of the island. It is the smalle st part amongthe four nation s of the UK, as well as the second sparse ly popula ted part afterScotla nd. The capita l is Belfas t, the larges t city in Northe rn Irelan d both in popula tionand in area. It is the center for govern ment,econom ic, arts, higher educat ion, busine ss, law of Northe rn Irelan d. Additi onall y, it is the birthp laceof Titani c, and votedone of the world’stopdestin ation s.2. Climat eThe overal l climat e in the UK is temper ate mariti me, whichmeansthat it is mild with temper ature s neithe r much lowerthan 0℃ in winter nor much higher 32℃ in summer. Genera lly, the UK has warm summer s and cool winter s, with July and August as the warmes t month, and Januar y and Februa ry as the coldes t. Howeve r, due to the influe nce of Gulf Stream3, the summer s are cooler than thosein contin ent whilethe winter s are milder. Normal ly, the temper ature in summer is around20℃，with the high rarely goingabove30℃. The averag e temper ature in winter is around 0℃ and seldom go below-10℃ even in the most northe rn part of the countr y.Meanwh ile, sinceBritai n is an island countr y and surrou ndedby the sea, the climat e is consid erabl y change ablecompar ed with othercountr ies. Sincethe variab le climat e changi ng day to day, it is hard for people to predic t what the weathe r will be like the next day. Additi onall y, the unique geogra phica l positi on is also the reason for the dampne ss of the climat e. The rainfa ll is fairly distri buted throug houtthe year. Althou gh it does not rain everyday, it is always advisa ble for people to bringan umbrel la or waterp roofclothi ng everyday.II. Histor y1. The Foundi ng of the NationThe record ed histor y of the UK begins with the Romaninvasi on in 55BC. In 55 and 54BC, Britai n was twiceinvade d by Julius Caesar and his Romantroops. Howeve r, it was not until43AD that the Romanled by Claudi us I finall y succes sfull y invade d and Britai n became part of the RomanEmpire. The native Celtic were driven to the mounta in region s of Scotla nd and Wales, whichremain ed unconq uered by the Romans.The Romans have greatimpact on many aspect s of the Britis h cultur e. The Romancivili zatio n was introd ucedto the Britai n during this period. For exampl e, Romanstylebathsand temple s were built, cities like London and townswere constr ucted, and the system of govern mentwas also introd uced. With the declin e of the RomanEmpire, when the German ic troops attack ed Rome in 410 A.D., the Romans had to withdr aw in orderto protec t theirown nation, whichled to the end of Romanoccupa tion.Afterthe leaveof the Romans, threegroups of German ic tribes called the Jutes, the Angles and the Saxons came to Britai n from the Europe an contin ent in the mid-4th centur y. They conque red differ ent region s of Britai n:1Scotti sh Highla nds：苏格兰高地，是对苏格兰高地边界断层以西和以北的山地的称，被认为是欧洲风景最优美的地区。
英语国家概况UNIT10
英语国家概况UNIT10Unit 10 Sports Holidays and Festivals in Britain主讲：王玲组员：钟东李博sports英国的现在体育运动包括足球、网球、板球、高尔夫球、赛马等。
足球起源于英国，英格兰足球超级联赛(FA Premier League),20XX 年巴克莱斯银行(BarclaysBank)成为英超的赞助商，冠名为巴克莱斯超级足球联赛(Barclays English Premier League),通常简称“英超”,是英格兰足总属下的职业足球联赛。
由超级联盟负责具体运作。
英格兰超级联赛成立于1992年2月20日，其前身是英格兰甲级联赛，是英格兰联赛系统的最高等级联赛。
现时英超联赛已经成为世界上最受欢迎的体育赛事之一，也是收入最高的足球联赛。
大家熟知的足球明星大卫罗伯特约瑟夫贝克汉姆(David Robert Joseph Beckham),退役英格兰足球运动员。
大家熟知的足球明星罗纳尔多路易斯纳扎里奥达利马(Ronaldo Luiz Nazario De Lima)。
Holiday and festivals in britain 英国有很多传统节日与活动。
据统计,英国全年全国性和地方性的节日有106个,其主要节日有: 1. New Year's Day(元旦),每年1月1日庆祝新的一年开始。
人们举办各种各样的新年晚会,女王发表新年祝辞,各种教堂在除夕夜都做守岁礼拜。
2. St. Valentine's Day(情人节),每年2月14日,是3世纪殉教的圣徒圣华伦泰逝世纪念日。
情人们在这一天互赠礼物, 故称“情人节”。
3. St. Patrick's Day(圣帕特里克节),每年3月17日,是悼念爱尔兰的守护神圣帕特里克的节日。
4. Holy Saturday(圣星期六),是Easter的前一天。
5. Easter(复活节),一般在每年春分后月圆第一个星期天,约在3月21日左右。
英美国家概况Unit10Sports,HolidaysandFestivalsinBritain
英美国家概况Unit10Sports,HolidaysandFestivalsinBritainUnit 10 Sports, Holidays and Festivals in Britain(英国的体育运动、节假日)一、本单元重点内容Sports体育:1. football (足球), “Football hooligans” (“足球流氓”) and the FA (足球协会)2. tennis (网球) and Wimbledon (温布尔登)3. cricket and “fair play” （板球与“公平竞争”思想）4. golf (高尔夫球)5. horse racing (赛马): the Grand National {（英国一年一度的）全国越野障碍赛马}the Royal Ascot (皇家阿斯科特赛马会)Holidays and Festivals节假日:1. Christmas (圣诞节) and Three traditions of Christmas (圣诞节的三大传统习俗)2. The Boxing Day and its traditions (节礼日(圣诞节后的第一个工作日)和其传统习俗)3. Easter (复活节)4. Bonfire Night (Guy Fawkes Night) and the traditions{篝火之夜(盖伊·福克斯之夜)和其传统习俗}5. The Battle of the Boyne (博茵河战役)6. Orange M arches (“奥伦治游行”)7. St Patrick’s Day (圣帕特里克节) and The Christian Trinity (基督教的三位一体)8. Hogmanay (苏格兰的除夕)9. Burns Night (彭斯之夜)10. Halloween (万圣节前夜)11. The Eisteddfod (威尔士诗歌音乐比赛会)二、本单元重、难点辅导Sports1. football and "football hooligans" in BritainFootball was invented in Britain.（足球运动起源于英国。
英语国家概况_Chapter10_government
1. US Constitution
Significance of the Constitution Taking precedence over all state constitutions and laws, and over laws made by the congress;
First of its kind in the world, it has inspired dozens of other countries to seek political reform.
President is chief of the executive. first citizen his wife—First Lady
Oval Office: Bush’s New Rug
2.2.1 Departments & White House
历史古书的文字赋予新的意义：当大家走伟大的道路时，世界所有的 人都将是平等的)。
Reagan:
Many centuries ago, Wang Po, a famous Chinese poetphilosopher, wrote, "Although we reside in far corners of the world, having a good friend is akin to having a good neighbor." Senior Bush (1989) There's a Chinese proverb that says: "One generation plants a tree; the next sits in its shade."
The United States of America
英语国家概况
Thames
8 .
Lake District
9 .
Lake poets
"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud" ---William Wordsworth
I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high o'er vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the milky way, They stretched in never-ending line Along the margin of a bay: Ten thousand saw I at a glance, Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.
Ben Nevis in Scotland — the highest point in UK
Wales: It’s mostly mountainous. South Wales is less mountainous
than North and Mid Wales.
Northern Ireland: It’s mostly hilly.
❖ ands
5 .
Location and territory
Location of the UK:
英语国家概况
• Changeable • Unsettled • Mildness • Abundant precipitation • variability
Part 4
Natural resources
• Minerals • Fisheries • Forests and farmlands • Waters --the Severn River --the Thames River --Lough Neagh --Loch Lomond --The Lake District
Part 2
Geographical features
• Chunnel • The highland zone --Scottish Highlands -- the Middle Valley --Backbone of England --Lake district --Welsh Massif --Antrim plateau • The lowland zone
Part 3 Climate Mid-latitude oceanic
Factors influencing climate The North Atlantic Current The westerly wind The surrounding sea waters The numerous inlets of the rivers sweeping the barriers to the incoming westerly wind and moisture
The Republic of Ireland
Chapter1
பைடு நூலகம்
Geography and Population
Part 1
英语国家概况 美国 U10
Thanksgiving family party
USA
What are Americans’ major leisure pursuits?
Most Americans today work no more than eight hours a day, five days a week at their jobs, and all school-age children are usually back home at three or four in the afternoon, both having plenty of time to do things outside the home. Both parents and children are involved in volunteer work. Leisure pursuits in the Untied States also include cultural activities that are believed to improve one’s mind and skill. Every year, millions of Americans go to symphony concerts, attend live theater performances,
• Get a general knowledge about the living conditions of Americans • Know some of the basic American family values • Be acquainted with American leisure activities • Be familiar with American sports • Understand Americans’ attitude towards leisure, private life, and sports
英语国家概况 英国 UK
FIVE
The Five is a British crime drama television series.
Channel 4 is a British public-service television broadcaster that began transmission on 2 November 1982.
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster.
It is headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, and is the world's oldest national broadcasting organisationand the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees.
3 1999 The Guardian Unlimited Net work of websites launched.
4 2004 The digital edition of the Guardian was launched
Features
The newspaper focuses on international news, 1 specializing in commentary and analytical feature
Mostly intellectual, politicians and white-collar workers,most of them are aged over 21.In the European intelligentsia, the Guardian is more influential than any other newspaper.
英语国家概况UK
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandCountry and PeopleSecond largest Jewish populationThe U.K. consists of four countries∙Englando Capital: Londono The “backbone” of England: The Pennines Mountainso Second longest river: Thameso Origin of the English language▪Language derived from the Normans and Anglo-Saxons ∙Scotlando Capital: Edinburgho Highest Mountain: Ben Neviso Uncommon regional language: Gaelic∙Waleso Capital: Cardiffo Longest river: Severn River (flows from Wales into England)o Official language: Welsh∙Northern Ireland (Ulster)o Capital: Belfasto The Largest Lake: Lough Neagho Uncommon historical language: IrishSocial Structure∙The U.K. is a very class-conscious society.∙Social mobilityo Ability to move up or down in status based on wealth, occupation, education, or some other social variable. The U.K. is a socially mobile society.∙Class Structureo Upper-class▪Wealthy, highly educated, and/or socially distinguished citizens o Middle-class▪Average income earners, educated,o Working-class▪Unskilled to skilled laborerso Underclass▪Homeless and/or long-term unemployed citizensHistoryMain foreign invaders in chronological order∙Romanso Part of the Roman Empire∙The Anglo-Saxonso Germanic tribeso England means “Angle’s Land”∙The Vikingso From northern Europe∙The Normanso Modern-day FranceFeudalism∙The Hundred years Waro Fought between France and Englando Destroyed feudal nobility and brought a new social ordero France lostThe Tudors∙Henry VIIo Seized the crown from King Richard III, becoming the first Tudor monarch ∙Henry VIIIo Created the Church of England, ruled by the monarcho Famous for having six wives∙Edward VIo Henry’s only son, died when he was very young∙Mary Io Restored Catholicism and killed hundreds of Protestantso Known as Bloody Mary∙Elizabeth Io Restored the Church of Englando Ushered in a Golden Age in British Historyo Stopped religious fighting, maintained peace with other nations, expanded trade, developed an open parliament, promoted business, grew the military and tookcontrol of the seasWorld War I∙ A very destructive and expensive war∙Signaled the beginning of the decline of the British EmpireWorld War II∙Led to high unemployment, a devastated infrastructure, and economic collapse in the United Kingdom.∙Signaled the end of the British Empire and the rise of the United States∙Winston Churchill was the Prime Minister during this war∙See World War I and World War II under The United States for more details.Way of LifeRecreation∙Social drinking at a pub is the most common social activity∙Sports originating from the U.K.o Soccer (the national sport), tennis, golf, badminton, boxing, rugby, cricket, snooker, squash, billiards, curling∙Places to go during free timeo Movies, libraries, museums, concerts, sporting events, musicals, plays,∙Like to read magazines and news paperso The Daily Telegraph is considered a “quality” newspaper ∙Television is owned by the governmento Television Channels are numbered: BBC 4, BBC 5, etc. Famous People∙Famous author: J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter series∙Famous band: The Beatles。
英语国家概况(汉英对照)
英语国家概况(汉英对照)Isles consist of two large islands and several hundred small islands。
The two large XXX larger and is the home of England。
Scotland。
XXX is also part of the United Kingdom and is locatedin the northern part of XXX。
the official name of the country isthe United Kingdom of Great XXX。
due to its length。
people often refer to it as Britain。
the United Kingdom。
or simply the UK。
The UK is a country located on the island of Great Britain。
with its capital in London。
Another country。
the Republic of Ireland or simply Ireland。
is also located on the island of Ireland。
It occupies the rest of the island。
in the south。
It gained independence in 1949 and its capital is Dublin.Ⅱ.英国的地理和气候2.Geography and Climate of the UK英国位于欧洲西北部，是一个由四个国家组成的岛国。
英格兰、苏格兰和XXX占据了大不列颠岛的大部分面积，而北爱尔兰则位于爱尔兰岛的东北部。
英国地形多样，有山地、丘陵、平原、海岸等。
英国的气候温和而多雨，因为受到暖流的影响，所以冬季不会太冷，夏季也不会太热。
英语国家概况(阅读)UK判断题
1．第1题When people outside the UK talk about England, they mistake it as Britain sometimes.您的答案：正确题目分数：3.0此题得分：3.02．第2题The title of Prince of Wales is held by a Welsh according to tradition.您的答案：错误题目分数：3.0此题得分：3.03．第3题In Britain, class and educational differences are reflected in the newspaper people read.您的答案：正确题目分数：3.0此题得分：3.04．第4题The game of golf was invented by the Scottish.您的答案：正确题目分数：3.0此题得分：3.05．第5题Ireland is part of Great Britain您的答案：错误题目分数：3.0此题得分：3.06．第6题The Good Friday Agreement was approved on 10 April 1998.您的答案：正确题目分数：3.0此题得分：3.07．第7题Britain has a written constitution like most countries.您的答案：错误题目分数：3.0此题得分：3.08．第8题Queen Elizabeth II is both the head of the state and the head of government in the UK.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.09．第9题According to the textbook, there are two major political parties in the UK.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.010．第10题The Conservative Party is the party that spent most time in power.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.011．第11题The British state actively interferes with the decision of when, where, how and what children are taught.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.012．第12题You must have the A-level qualification to enter British university.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.013．第13题Scotland was never conquered by the Romans.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.014．第14题The Commonwealth of Nations includes all European countries.您的答案：错误题目分数：3.0此题得分：3.015．第15题Cardiff, the capital of Wales, is a large city.您的答案：正确题目分数：3.0此题得分：0.016．第16题The British media play an important role in shaping a national culture.您的答案：正确题目分数：3.0此题得分：3.017．第17题The world' s oldest daily newspaper is The Observer.您的答案：错误题目分数：3.0此题得分：3.018．第18题Horse racing is the true royal sport.您的答案：正确题目分数：3.0此题得分：3.019．第19题In Britain, the process of state-building has been one of evolution rather than revoltuion, in contrast to France and the US.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.020．第20题Secrecy is an important part of the voting process.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.021．第21题Aristrocracy as a class no longer exists in the UK.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.022．第22题Sinn Fein is a legal political party in Northern Ireland.您的答案：正确题目分数：3.0此题得分：3.023．第23题Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.您的答案：正确题目分数：3.0此题得分：3.024．第24题The purpose of British education is not only to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills but also to socialize children.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.025．第25题All secondary schools in Britain are run and supervised by the government.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.026．第26题The stereotype of the English gentleman never applied to the majority of the British people.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.027．第27题The tradition of having Sunday off derived from the Christian Church.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.028．第28题Most people in Scotland speak the old Celtic language, called " Gaelic" .您的答案：错误题目分数：3.0此题得分：3.029．第29题Free press has the function of keeping an eye on the government, and therefore it is called the watchdog of parliamentary democracy.您的答案：正确题目分数：3.0此题得分：3.030．第30题To advertise in a British newspaper, the onlything you have to worry about is the cost.您的答案：错误题目分数：3.0此题得分：3.031．第31题Easter is the biggest and best loved British holiday.您的答案：错误题目分数：3.0此题得分：3.032．第32题Most British people are Protestants while most Irish people are Catholics.您的答案：正确题目分数：3.0此题得分：3.033．第33题It is commonly believed that Boxing Day involved the sport of boxing.您的答案：正确题目分数：3.0此题得分：0.034．第34题It is no doubt that Britain is the oldest representative democracy in the world.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.035．第35题In the UK, a government cannot stand for longer than five years except in exceptional circumstances.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.036．第36题The Labour Party is the oldest party in the UK.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.037．第37题Northern Ireland is often called " Ulster" afteran ancient Irish kingdom once existed in thisarea.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.038．第38题Public schools in the UK are part of the nationaleducation system and funded by the government.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.039．第39题Britain is no longer an imperial country.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.040．第40题Scotland was unified with England through violentmeans.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.0作业总得分：90.0作业总批注：（注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!）。
英语国家概况英国部分答案
Chapter One1.Blank fillings:1)England;2)Ben Nevis;3)North Sea;4)Britain;5)British;6)cotton;7)agricultural;8)Iberians;9)Birmingham;10)Liverpool2.Questions:1)To other Europeans, the best known quality of the British, and of the English in particular, is"reserve".2)The reluctance to communicate with others tends to give the impression of coldness, and it istrue that the English (except perhaps in the North) are nor noted for their generosity and hospitality. On the other hand, they are perfectly human behind their barrier of reserve, and may be quite pleased when a friendly stranger or foreigner succeeds for a time in breaking the barrier down.3)The English self-deprecation, mixed with their reserve, often produces a sort of general air ofindifference which appears to foreigners as a pose, difficult to understand and irritating.4)Along with the political campaign for home-rule there were groups who followed a moredirect method of pursuing Irish independence, engaging in guerilla or terrorist activities against British institutions and the British military forces. During the First World War and immediately after, this activity increased, sometimes brutally suppressed by British forces. 5)Y es, there are. The close long-standing relationship means that modern Wales lacks some ofthe outward signs of difference which Scotland possesses—its legal system and its education system are exactly the same as in England. Often official statistics are given for "England and Wales". However, Wales is different, and one of the key markers of that difference is the Welsh language—the old British Celtic tongue which is still in daily use.3. T erms for explanation:1) Union Jack: flag of United Kingdom: the flag of the United Kingdom, which combines the flags of England, Scotland, and Ireland.2) Lake District: region of mountains and lakes in Cumbria, northwestern England. The district extends about 50 km/30 mi from north to south and 40 km/25 mi from east to west.3) The Bible: also called the Holy Bible, the sacred book or Scriptures of Judaism and of Christianity.4) The Puritans: members of a group of Protestants in 16th- and 17th-century England and 17th-century America who believed in strict religious discipline and called for the simplification of acts of worship.5) Great Charter: document sealed by King John of England on June 15, 1215, in which he made a series of promises to his subjects that he would govern England and deal with his vassals according to the customs of feudal law (see Feudalism). Over the course of centuries, these promises have required governments in England (and in countries influenced by English tradition) to follow the law in dealing with their citizens.4. Analysis and comments:1) In the United Kingdom, the upper classes are the aristocracy and royalty, with wealth playing a less important role in class status. Many aristocratic peerages or titles have …seats‟ attached to them, with the holder of the title (e.g. Earl of Bristol) and his family being the custodians of the house, but not the owners. Many of these require high expenditures, so wealth is typically needed. Many aristocratic peerages and their homes are parts of estates, owned and run by the title holder with moneys generated by the land, rents, or other sources wealth. The middle class is the most contested of the three categories, the broad group of people in contemporary society who fall socio-economically between the lower and upper classes. Lower class are those employed in low-paying wage jobs with very little economic security.2) It was sealed under oath by King John at Runnymede, on the bank of the River Thames near Windsor, England. Magna Carta was the first document forced onto a King of England by a group of his subjects, the feudal barons, in an attempt to limit his powers by law and protect their rights. The charter is widely known throughout the English speaking world as an important part of the protracted historical process that led to the rule of constitutional law in England and beyond.Chapter T wo1.Blank fillings:1)parliamentary democracy;2)the House of Commons, the House of Lords;3)the House of Commons;4)the Queen;5)executive;6)constitution;7)European Union (EU)；8)military equipment;9)The Lord Chancellor;10)proven guilty2.Questions:1)The contemporary foreign policy of the UK is greatly influenced by its imperial history andalso by its geopolitical traits. Perhaps the most important single factor which influences British policy-makers is its history.2)The word "parliament" comes from the verb "to parley", that is, to discuss or talk. The termwas first used officially in 1236 to describe the gathering of feudal barons and representatives from counties and towns which the king occasionally summoned if he wanted to raise money.3)There are three major national parties: The Conservative party and the Labour party are thetwo biggest, and any general election is really about which of those two is going to govern.But there is a third important party, the Liberal Democrats, who usually receive up to about 20% of the votes: not enough to form a government, but enough to have a big impact on which of the other two parties does so. The Conservative Party spent most time in power4)The House of Commons.5)The party that wins most votes in general election and the leader of this winning party wouldbecome Prime Minister.3.T erms for explanation:1)Britain‟s legislature is made up of the House of Commons, the House of Lords and the kingin his constitutional role. The House of Commons has 651 elected Members of Parliament (MPs), who represent local constituencies. The center of parliamentary power is the House of Commons.2)The nonelected upper house of Parliament in the United Kingdom, made up of life peers,some hereditary peers, and some bishops.3)In British criminal trials the accused is presumed innocent until proven guilty. Trials are inopen court and the accused is represented by a lawyer. Most cases are tried before layjustices sitting without a jury. The more serious cases are tried in the higher courts before a jury of 12 (15 in Scotland) which decides guilt or innocence.4)Actions brought to court are usually tried without a jury. Higher courts deal with morecomplicated civil cases. Most judgments are for sums of money, and the costs of an action are generally paid by the losing party.5)The Lord Chancellor is the head of the judiciary branch of government.4. Analysis and comments:1) Constitutional monarchy is a form of democratic government in which a nonpolitical monarch acts as head of state within the boundaries of a constitution, whether written or unwritten.[1] While the monarch may hold formal reserve powers and while government officially takes place in the monarch‟s name, they do not set public policy or choose political leaders. Political scientist V ernon Bogdanor, paraphrasing Thomas Macaulay, has defined a constitutional monarch as "a sovereign who reigns but does not rule." This form of government differs from absolute monarchy, in which the monarch controls political decision-making and is not effectively bound by a constitutional order.2) Debates can be witnessed very commonly in House of Commons. They take place sometimes in harmony, but more times in a very heated situation. Think about if the debates necessary in House of Commons.Chapter Three1.Blank fillings:1)Banking;2)Insurance;3)service;4)manufacturing;5)North Sea;6)Margaret Thatcher;7)military;8)1970s;9)London;10)service;11)electronics2.Questions:1)By the 1880s the British economy was dominant in the world, producing one third of theworld‟s manufactured goods, half its coal and iron, half its cotton.2)But even by 1900 this was no longer the case, the UK having been overtaken by both theUnited States and Germany; and certainly from 1945 until the present, the story of the UK economy is usually thought of as one of decline.3)India, popularly known as "The Jewel in the Crown" of the British Empire, gained itsindependence in 1947.4)This has a number of consequences for British society, mainly positive, though with someindirect negative effects. On the positive side such immigrant groups bring their culture with them, which increases the variety and interest within British culture: for example, the UK, which used to have a bad reputation for food, now has a cuisine as varied as any, with Indian and Chinese restaurants in every community, as well as many other varieties in bigger cities.This variety in restaurant food has resulted in more experimentation at home, so that shops now carry a much wider variety of goods to supply the demand, and there are many TV programmes and books devoted to all kinds of different cooking. The negative side of things lies largely in the attitude of some of their white neighbours.5)While there is a growing ethnic minority middle-class, and many individual success stories,by most measures the immigrant population is worse-off economically speaking than the white population as a whole. Individuals from ethnic minorities are more likely to be unemployed; and they are under-represented in politics too, though there are now a number of black and Asian MPs. But there are also a number of small political parties in the UK with overtly racist policies.3.T erms for explanation:1)Conservative Party (Britain), oldest political party in the United Kingdom. The ConservativeParty evolved as the successor to the Tory Party in the 1830s. It is known in full as the Conservative and Unionist Party. The party‟s tenets of conservatism inclu de the continuance of monarchical parliamentary government. Until after the end of World War II in 1945 imperialism was also a major force in British conservatism. For decades Northern Ireland‟s major political party, the Ulster Unionist Organization, was an integral part of Britain‟s Conservative Party, but that relationship has eroded considerably. The Scottish Conservative and Unionist Association also is related to the larger unit but has a separate existence.2)Margaret Thatcher, born in 1925, British politician and the first woman to hold the office ofprime minister of the United Kingdom. The winner of three consecutive general elections, Thatcher served as prime minister from 1979 to 1990. She was the longest-serving British prime minister of the 20th century.3)The London Stock Exchange, one of the largest exchanges in the world, has always been afocus of international trade. In 1986 it was substantially deregulated, an event known as the Big Bang in financial circles. This led to the rapid expansion of products, markets, and numbers of employees, a movement that slowed in the early 1990s but has since rebounded.4)HSBC:HSBC Holdings plc is a British multinational banking and financial servicescompany headquartered in London, England, United Kingdom. It is one of the world‟s largest banks.5)Second Industrial Revolution: The Second Industrial Revolution, also known as theTechnological Revolution, was a phase of the larger Industrial Revolution corresponding to the latter half of the 19th century until World War I. It is considered to have begun around the time of the introduction of Bessemer steel in the 1860s and culminated in early factory electrification, mass production and the production line.4. Analysis and comments:1) Town and country planning in the United Kingdom is the part of English land law which concerns land use planning. Its goal is to ensure sustainable economic development and a better environment. Each country of the United Kingdom has its own planning system that is responsible for town and country planning devolved to the Northern Ireland Assembly, the Scottish Parliament and the Welsh Assembly.2) Based on the collection of history of two countries‟ economic development, a summary can be made.Chapter Four1.Blank fillings:1)owner occupation,2)semi-detached,3)Detached houses,4)Class,5)Christmas,6)Boxing Day,7)Easter egg,8)The Guardian,9)1400,10)The Broadcasting Act2.Questions:1)There are, broadly speaking, four main types of home. The first kind are "flats" (orapartments), of varying size, often in modern multi-storey purpose-built buildings, though sometimes made by sub-dividing big old houses. Flats are often publicly owned. The second kind are "terraced" houses: that is, individual two-storey houses built joining on to each other at each side in a terrace or row. The second kind are "terraced" houses: that is, individual two-storey houses built joining on to each other at each side in a terrace or row; the fourth one is “detached.”2)(Open ended)3)On an average day, 90 per cent of Britons over the age of 15 read a national or local paper.And in the evening, most Britons settle down to watch some television: 96 percent of the population watch TV at least once a week, making it Britain‟s most popular leisure activity.The third most popular pastime, after watching telly and reading newspapers, is listening to the radio, an activity in which 73 per cent of the population engages in on a weekly basis. It is obvious, then, that the media are central to British leisure culture.4)British newspaper culture is unusual in the extent to which class and educational differencesare reflected in the newspapers people read. In other developed countries like Japan and the United States, newspaper reading is a mainly middle-class habit, but in Britain the "lower classes" are also regular readers.5)While officially speaking the British press is "free" from government control and censorshipand can print what it likes, there are limits to what will appear in the daily paper.3.T erms for explanation:1)Terraced houses: refer to those individual two-storey houses built joining on to each other ateach side in a terrace or row. They often have two rooms downstairs and two bedrooms upstairs, plus a small kitchen and bathroom in a projection(突出部分) at the back. These kinds of houses are most common in inner-city areas.2)Detached houses: the most desirable houses for the British people to live in. They usuallystand alone with garden on all sides separating them a little from their neighbours. It might be one-storey house, called bungalow or two. These houses are usually built in the suburban areas.3)The Christmas Pantomime: a typical British Christmas tradition. It is a comical musical playusually based on a popular traditional children‟s story. There are two ma in characters in the play: “the principal boy”, played by a young woman, and “the Dame”（滑稽老太婆角色）, played by a man. It is a play with songs and jokes which can be enjoyed by both adults and children.4)Boxing Day: a typical British tradition celebrated on the day after Christmas. People used togive Christmas gifts or money to their staff or servants on this day. And now they mostly do shopping, pay visits, enjoy eating or just relax.5)The Financial Times: The Financial Times (FT) is a British English-language internationaldaily newspaper with a special emphasis on business and economic news internationally. The paper, published by Pearson PLC in London, was founded in 1888 by James Sheridan and Horatio Bottomley, and merged with its closest rival, the Financial News (which had been founded in 1884) in 1945.4.Analysis and comments:1) The United Kingdom has one of the world‟s oldest established newspaper industries. In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, as the British economy began to industrialise, as the democratic franchise was extended to larger segments of the population, and as literacy levels rose through the introduction of mass education, more and more newspapers began to appear. They began to influence British society and people‟s life. T ry to gather different types of newspaper and their functions as a further study.2) In cultural studies, media culture refers to the current western capitalist society that emerged and developed from the 20th century, under the influence of mass media. The term alludes to the overall impact and intellectual guidance exerted by the media (primarily TV, but also the press, radio and cinema), not only on public opinion but also on tastes and values.Chapter Five1. Blank fillings:1)Reading, Writing, Arithmetic2)A-level3)Flexibility4)Oxbridge5)glorious wit6)church7)math, physics, computer science and economics8)12th and 13th centuries9)Forty10)tutorial2.Questions:1)In the UK, the amount of funding each university receives is based on its size, the number ofstudents it teaches, and the research it conducts. So far, the UK has only one privately funded university, the University of Buckingham.2)The British education system is run by the state.3)Cambridge University and Oxford University.4)The goal of British education is to socialize children.5)(Open ended)3.T erms for explanation:1) middle-class man: The middle class is a class of people in the middle of a societal hierarchy. In Weberian socio-economic terms, the middle class is the broad group of people in contemporary society who fall socio-economically between the working class and upper class. The common measures of what constitutes middle class vary significantly among cultures.2) “A-level”: A-level—is an academic qualification offered by educational bodies in the United Kingdom and the British Crown dependencies to students completing secondary or pre-university education.3) “Oxbridge”: Oxbridge is a portmanteau of the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom, and the term is used to refer to them collectively, often with implications of perceived superior social status. "Oxbridge" can be used as a noun referring to either or both universities or as an adjective describing them or their students.4) working-class: The working class (or lower class, labouring class, sometimes proletariat) are those employed in lower tier, subordinate jobs. These typically include blue-collar jobs, but also include large amounts of white collar and service work.5) tutorial system: At Cambridge University and Oxford University, undergraduates are taught in the tutorial system. Students are taught by faculty fellows in groups of one to three on a weekly basis. At Cambridge, these are called "supervisions" and at Oxford they are called "tutorials." One benefit of the tutorial system is that students receive direct feedback on their weekly essays or work in a small discussion setting.4.Analysis and comments:1) There are advantages in attending schools abroad. Students who have studied abroad can act as mediators between people of different cultures. Students can learn much more advanced knowledge of science and technology from foreign countries. Students can learn foreign languages more quickly. However, there some disadvantages. Most of the students are too young to live by themselves without any living experience. Besides, being far away from their home country, they may feel lonely and homesick. Of course the costs are much.2) Knowledge/ Discipline/ hardworking/ creativity/ imagination/…。
英语国家概况Chapter10
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
The Function of Congress
nations Biblioteka nd among states;Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
The Function of Congress
– the power to declare war, raise and support armies, and provide and maintain a navy;
• 435 voting members plus a non-voting representative from Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia and four other territories of the U.S.; • State legislature divides each state into congressional districts, each district electing one Representative; • Qualifications for being a representative:
– over 30 years old;
– a US citizen for at least 9 years;
– resident in the state from which he is elected.
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
All Souls College in Oxford
Cambridge
Cambridge
Higher Education
awards system
Mandatory awards 面向:90%ofFull-time students on first degree and other comparable higher education courses 奖学金用途:covering tuition fees and maintenance.
the payment of teachers and other staff the provision of adequate educational facilities in their areas.
Local Administration
The rest is provided by self-governing grantmaintained (GM) schools. Some GM or voluntary aided secondary schools are technology colleges, which are non-fee-paying independent schools created by a government and private sector sponsors. There is no LEA involvement. These technology colleges teach the National Curriculum, but with an emphasis on mathematics, technology and science. Some 15% of secondary schools in England are GM schools.
It uses a combination of
specially produced printed texts, correspondence tuition, television and radio broadcasts audio/video cassettes.
Central Responsibility
in England The Secretary of State for Education has overall responsibility for school and postschool education. The Secretaries of State for Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland exercise similar responsibilities in those countries.
Higher Education
There are some 90 universities in Britain, including the Open University. The universities of Oxford and Cambridge (popularly known as Oxbridge) date from the 12th and 13th centuries, the Scottish universities of St Andrew, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Edinburgh date from the 14th and 15th centuries. All other universities in Britain were founded in the 19th and 20th centuries.
contributions from parents, assessed according to their income.
奖学金管理: administered by
Local Education Authorities地方教育机构 in England and Wales, the Students Awards Agency奖学金管理处 of Scotland the Northern Ireland Education and Library Boards. 教育和图书馆委员会
The governmental education departments
formulate education policies the supply and training of teachers
Local Administration
Most state school education is the responsibility of local education authorities (LEAs)
Bachelor of Arts (BA) Bachelor of Science (BSc),
for a second degree are
Master of Arts (MA), Master of Science (MSc) Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) M.D.
degrees
Financial Support
The bulk of expenditure on education comes from public funds.
Higher Education
Administration of universities The British universities are governed by royal charters or by Act of Parliament and enjoy academic freedom. They appoint their own staff任命教工 decide which students to admit录取学生 provide their own courses 提供课程 award their own degrees 授予学位
Higher Education
Financial support
Higher education is largely financed by
public funds, tuition fees for students paid through the awards system, income charged by institutions for research and other purposes.
medical and veterinary courses医学、兽医
Higher Education degrees学位
Degree titles vary according to the practice of each university. In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, the most common titles for a first degree are
Chapter 10 Cultural Affairs
LIU Juan
本章考核目标
Ⅰ．Education 3．Higher education Ⅱ．The Media 1．Newspapers Ⅲ．Sports Ⅳ．The Arts 3．Drama
Education System
Pre-school education for children under 5 ( at the ages of 3 and 4 ). Primary education for children between the ages of 4 or 5 and 11or13. Secondary education for children between the ages of 11 or 13 and 16 or18. Education is compulsory for all between the ages of 4 or 5 and 16. Higher education for students above the age of 18.
Bachelor 学士学位 本科学历 Master 硕士学位 研究生学历 Doctor 博士学位 研究生学历
Higher Education The Open University
The Open University is a non-residential university based in the new town of Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire. It is so named because it is open to all to become students. The university was founded in 1969 and began its first courses in 1970. The University offers degree and other courses for adult students of all ages in Britain and other member countries of the European Union.
Grants for postgraduates study are offered by the government departments and by research councils.
Higher Education Degree courses
First degree courses are mainly full time and usually last 3 years in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. some 4-year & 5-year courses,