10年大连海事大学研究生英语考试阅读真题
六级真题（大连海事大学研究生考试阅读题之一）
Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and have more respectable occupations. Personal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants (被告). But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability.
While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to a woman.
Handsome male executives were perceived as having more integrity than plainer men; effort and ability were thought to account for their success.
Attractive female executives were considered to have less integrity than unattractive ones; their success was attributed not to ability but to factors such as luck.
All unattractive women executives were thought to have more integrity and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than was that of attractive overnight successes.
Why are attractive women not thought to be able? An attractive woman is perceived to be more feminine (女性的) and an attractive man more masculine (男性的) than the less attractive ones. Thus, an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, but an attractive woman in a traditionally masculine position appears to lack the “masculine” qualities required.
This is true even in politics. “When the only clue is how he or she looks, people treat men and women differently,” says Ann Bowman, who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates. She asked 125 undergraduates to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women, in order of attractiveness. The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices. They were asked to rank them again, in the order they would vote for them. The results showed that attractive males utterly defeated unattractive men, but the women who had been ranked most attractive invariably received the fewest votes.
26. The word “liability” (Para. 1. Line 4) most probably means “________”.
A) misfortune
B) instability
C) d isadvantage
D) burden
27. In traditionally female jobs, attractiveness ________.
A) r einforces the feminine qualities required
B) makes women look more honest and capable
C) is of primary importance to women
D) often enables women to succeed quickly
28. Bowman’s experiment reveals that wh en it comes to politics, attractiveness ________.
A) turns out to be an obstacle
B) affects men and women alike
C) has as little effect on men as on women
D) i s more of an obstacle than a benefit to women
29. It can be inferred from the passage that people’s views on beauty are often ________.
A) practical
B) p rejudiced
C) old-fashioned
D) radical
30. The author writes this passage to ________.
A) d iscuss the negative aspects of being attractive
B) give advice to job-seekers who are attractive
C) demand equal rights for women
D) emphasize the importance of appearance
26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. A
2005 Text 2（大连海事大学研究生考试阅读题之一）
考研真题
Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.
There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel's report “Science never has all the answers .But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can p rovide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”
Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.
Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it's obvious that a majority of the president's advisers still don't take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research-a classic case of “paralysis by analysis”.
To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won't take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures .A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry is a promising start Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.
26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that
[A]. there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death.
[B]. the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant.
[C]. people had the freedom to choose their own way of life.
[D]. antismoking people were usually talking nonsense.
27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as
[A]. a protector.
[B]. a judge.
[C]. a critic.
[D]. a guide.
28. What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (Last line, paragraph 4)
[A]. Endless studies kill action.
[B]. Careful investigation reveals truth.
[C]. prudent planning hinders.
[D]. Extensive research helps decision-making.
29. According to the author, what should the Administration do about
[A]. Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.
[B]. Raise public awareness of conservation.
[C]. Press for further scientific research.
[D]. Take some legislative measures.
30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because
[A]. they both suffered from the government's negligence.
[B]. a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former.
[C]. the outcome of the latter aggravates the former.
[D]. both of them have turned from bad to worse.
重点词汇：
prudent adj. 谨慎的。It's prudent to take a thick coat in cold weather when you go out. 在寒冷的天气下外出时带上件厚外套是谨慎的。名词形式prudence n. 审慎。记忆：rude 粗鲁的，无礼的，p不-rude粗鲁的-ent形容词后缀paralysis n. 瘫痪, 麻痹。 para-侧面。参见2003年Text 2。paraphrase （n.v.释意）即para+phrase，para-前缀表“在旁边、辅助”，phrase 即“短语；用短语表达”，故“用短语辅助表达”→释意。以para-为前缀的单词还有paragraph（文章的段、节；短评）←para+graph写；parameter（参数）←para+meter计量；parasite（寄生虫）←para+site地点。
analysis n. 分析, 分解。记忆：an-a-lysis，后缀同上，分析成一个an,a。联想：反义词synthesis n. 综合, 合成
take the legislative initiative
take the initiative 带头,开始着手took the initiative in trying to solve the problem.开始着手试图解决这个问题
initiative n. 主动。名词形式initiate vt. 开始, 发动, 传授v. 开始, 发起
legislative
adj. 立法的, 立法机关的 n. 立法机关。参见1999 Passage 4 。legislation （立法；法规）看作leg+is+lat(e)+ion，leg词根“法律”（参allegation 宣称，2003年Text 2），is是，late迟的，-ion名词后缀，“法律是迟的”→旧法律难以适应新事物→所以要不断“立法”→“立法”之产物即“法规”。难句解析：
①The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made.
主干部分是The latest was a panel，表语panel
后接有两个定语成分：from的介词短语和含enlisted 的过去分词，即“白宫召集的、来自国家科学院的专家团”，其中第二个定语成分中又包含一个不定式结构，表目的，即“为了告诉我们……而召集的（专家团）”。
翻译：最近的行动是由白宫召集了一批来自国家科学院的专家团，他们告诉我们，地球气候毫无疑问正在变暖，而这个问题主要是人为造成的。
②But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”
该句子的主干是由and连接的两个并列从句，前一分句的主干是science…provide us with…guide；后一分句的主干是it is critical，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。从句的主干是our nation and the world base…policies on…judgments，judgments后接有两个定语结构，一是that引导的定语从句，一是concerning分词结构。翻译：但是科学确实为我们的未来提供了最好的指导，关键是我们的国家和整个的世界在做重要决策时，应该以科学能够提供的关于人类现在的行为对未来影响最好的判断作为依据。
③Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure。该句子的主干是voices now come from many quarters；句首Just as结构做比较状语，意为“正如…一样”；insisting 引导的分词结构做定语修饰主语voice，分词结构中含有两个并列的由that引导的宾语从句，第二个宾语从句的真实主语是不定式结构to keep…
翻译：就象吸烟问题一样，来自不同领域的声音坚持认为有关全球变暖的科学资料还不完整。
试题解析：
第二篇文章是一篇一般的时事性文章，这也是一篇类比，考完了以后很多考生说这篇文章讲抽烟，其实不是的，作者讲抽烟是想说明现在的温室效应，也是一种类比，许多人抽烟没有人去管，因为缺乏足够的证据,咱们各国政府也不管温室效应, 也是同样的原因。中心讲的是世界各个政府对温室效应的解决的态度，篇章的关键词围绕这样三个问题展开，第一个就是证据不充足。第二是科学的意义。第三是制定法律，尤其最后三段大量出现立法和法规的现象，
26题[C] 难度0.108
27题[D] 难度0.820 区分度.0.367
科学应该作为一个指导性，是答案是根据文章第２段的最后两句话。28题[A] 难度0.570 区分度.0.477
是猜单词题，单词所在的句子的意思是有些人总要科学证据，结果抹杀了行动。所以选A。
29题[D] 难度0.761 区分度.0.476
采取某种法律措施，法律在最后的段落重复的最多。30题[B] 难度0.488 区分度.0.386
作者谈的抽烟的教训对我们温室处理也是一样的，选B。
全文翻译：
还记得科学家们认为吸烟会致人死亡，而那些怀疑者们却坚持认为我们无法对此得出定论的时候吗？还记得怀疑者们坚持认为缺乏决定性的证据，科学也不确定的时候吗？还记得怀疑者们坚持认为反对吸烟的游说是为了毁掉我们的生活方式，而政府应该置身事外的时候吗？许多美国人相信了这些胡言乱语，在三十多年中，差不多有一千万烟民早早的进了坟墓。
现在出现了与吸烟类似的令人感到难过的事情。科学家们前仆后继，试图使我们意识到全球气候变暖所带来的日益严重的威胁。最近的行动是由白宫召集了一批来自国家科学院的专家团，他们告诉我们，地球气候毫无疑问正在变暖，而这个问题主要是人为造成的。明确的信息表明是我们应该立刻着手保护自己。国家科学院院长Bruce Alberts在专家团报告的前言中加上了这一重要观点：“科学解答不了所有问题。但是科学确实为我们的未来提供了最好的指导，关键是我们的国家和整个的世界在做重要决策时，应该以科学能够提供的关于人类现在的行为对未来影响最好的判断作为依据。
就象吸烟问题一样，来自不同领域的声音坚持认为有关全球变暖的科学资料还不完整。在我们证实这件事之前可以向大气中不断的排放气体。这是一个危险的游戏；到了有百分之百的证据的时候，可能就太晚了。随着风险越来越明显，并且不断增加，一个谨慎的民族现在应该准备一份保单了。
幸运的是，白宫开始关注这件事了。但是显然大多数总统顾问并没有认真看待全球气候变暖这个问题。他们没有出台行动计划，相反只是继续迫切要求进行更多的研究――这是一个经典的“分析导致麻痹案例”。
为了成为地球上有责任心的一员，我们必须积极推进对于大气和海洋的深入研究。但只有研究是不够的。如果政府不争取立法上的主动权，国会就应该帮助政府开始采取保护措施。弗吉尼亚的民主党议员Robert Byrd提出一项议案，从经济上激励私企，就是一个良好的开端。许多人看到这个国家正准备修建许多新的发电厂，以满足我们的能源需求。如果我们准备保护大气，关键要让这些新发电厂对环境无害。
2017年考研英语考试真题
2017年考研英语二真题 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 .：A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.. A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 ，t oday’s unem ployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans. Also，some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting 9 poorly-educated，middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work，a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today，the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，” says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway. These days，because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work，I often feel 18 ，” Danaher says，adding，“In a world in which I don’t have to work，I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters. 1. [A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring 2. [A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty 3. [A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction 4. [A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured 5. [A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom 6. [A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless 7. [A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated 8. [A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute 9. [A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among 10. [A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside 11. [A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically 12. [A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles 13. [A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course 14. [A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield 15. [A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship 16. [A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce 17. [A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats 18. [A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved 19. [A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into 20. [A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonal
研究生英语考试试卷
General English Qualifying Test for Non-English Major Graduate Students 2008 (A 卷) ******************************考试注意事项*************************** 一．本考试由两部分组成：试卷一（Paper One）包括听力理解、词汇与结构、阅读理解三部分，共70题，按顺序统一编号；试卷二（Paper Two）包括改错、写作。 二．试卷一的答案请按要求在答题卡上填涂，否则无效。试卷二的改错、写作部分请直接在试卷二上答题. Paper One Part I Listening Comprehension (20 points) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B., C. and D., and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Example: You will hear: You will read: A. At the office. B. In the waiting room. C. At the airport. D. In a restaurant. From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This is most likely to have taken place at the office. Therefore, A. "At the office" is the best answer. You should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center. 1. A. The weather has been warm lately. B. The furnace has broken down. C. The building’s heating system dries the air. D. The woman should put medicine on her lips. 2. A. A furnished house. B. A recent book. C. A refinished cellar. D. A new record. 3. A. They need to turn up ahead. B. She doesn’t know where State Street is. C. There was no left turn at the last intersection. D. The man missed the turn.
大连海事大学新时代研究生综合英语课后翻译答案(完整版)
新时代研究生综合英语课后翻译答案 Unit One 1. I don’t put much stock in the idea of luck. I think that usually things go well or not so well for people based on their actions. I believe that for the most part you create your own luck by working hard, practicing self-discipline, remaining persistent, and making personal growth a daily priority. 我不相信幸运这一类事情.我认为大多数时候事情发展地顺利或不顺利主要因为人们自己的行为.我相信大多数的情况下你可以通过努力工作,自我约束,坚持不懈,把个人的发展作为每天必考虑的事情等方面创造自己的幸运. 2. Most careers involve other people. You can have great academic intelligence and still lack social intelligence---the ability to be a good listener, to be sensitive toward others, to give and take criticism well. 许多的职业都包含其他人(的参与). 你可能具有超强的学术能力,然而缺少社交能力,即有能力倾听别人,对其他人(的反应)敏感,甚至游刃有余地给出或吸纳批评. 3. If your circumstances constantly get you down, then maybe it’s tim e for a change---not in your situation, but in your attitude. If you can learn to make the best of any situation, you can remove a formidable obstacle that stands between you and your dreams. 如果你周边的环境经常让你意志消沉,也许你的确该改变一下了,可能不是改变你的位置,但至少是你的态度.如果你能学会很好地利用任何情况,你就能消除掉挡在你和你梦想之间的可怕的障碍. 4. Anybody can make an honest mistake when things are hectic. But people lacking focus have trouble not because they’re too busy, but because their priorities are not of whack. And that wastes their time and resources. 任何人在忙忙碌碌的时候都会犯错误.但是注意力不集中的人经常遇到麻烦不是因为他们太忙了,而是因为他们缺乏优先考虑的事情.这样,不仅浪费了他们的时间,也浪费了资源. 5. If you resist change, you’re really resisting success. Learn fexibility, or learn to like living with your failures. 如果你拒绝变化,你就是拒绝成功.学会机动灵活,否则就得学会习惯忍受失败. 6. The greater your talent, the more likely you are to lean heavily on it and skip the hard day-to-day work of improving it. If you possess this negative tendency, put yourself on a growth plan so that you can make the most of your God-given talent. 你的天分越大,你就有可能越倚赖于天分,甚至跳过日复一日完善它的艰苦工作.如果你有了这样消极的倾向,给自己定一个进步计划,这样你就能充分利用好上帝给你的天赋.
大连海事大学历任校长简介与历史沿革
大连海事大学历任校长简介与历史 沿革 大连海事大学简单介绍 大连海事大学（原大连海运学院）位于辽宁省大连市凌海路1号，是直属于中华人民共和国交通运输部的综合性大学，是211工程重点建设大学，是中国著名的高等航海学府，是被国际海事组织认定的世界上少数几所"享有国际盛誉"的 海事院校之一。学校成立于1909年，是中国第一所拥有高等航海教育的学府。 大连海事大学历史沿革 大连海事大学历史悠久，其前身可追溯到1909年晚清邮船部上海高等实业学堂（南洋公学）船政科、邮传部高等商船学堂。解放前，中国高等航海教育历尽艰辛，几度中断。解放以后，高等航海教育才得以迅速发展。1953年，上海航务学院、东北航海学院、福建航海专科学校合并成立大连海运学院，时为我国唯一的高等航海学府。1960年，大连海运学院被确定为全国重点大学；1994，经国家教委批准，学校更名为大连海事大学，江泽民总书记亲笔为学校题写校名。 大连海事大学设置及其所有专业
大连海事大学现设航海学院、轮机工程学院、信息科学技术学院、交通运输管理学院、环境科学与工程学院、交通运输装备与海洋工程学院、法学院、外国语学院、人文与社会科学学院、马克思主义学院、数学系、物理系、体育工作部、交通运输高级研修学院、专业学位教育学院、继续教育学院、航海训练与研究中心、船舶导航系统国家工程研究中心、航运发展研究院（航海教育研究所）等教学单位。 大连海事大学历任校（院）长： 王祖温任大连海事大学校长：（2004年01月到至今）； （ 1983年6月至1984年8月）；周光庭任大连海运学院院长： 陈祖慰任大连海运学院院长：（ 1984年8月至1991年12月）；司玉琢任大连海运学院院长：（ 1991年12月至1994年4月）；司玉琢任大连海事大学校长：（1994年4月至1998年12月）；吴兆麟任大连海事大学校长：（1998年12月至2004年1月）。 本文来自：https://www.360docs.net/doc/c23078139.html,/liaoning/yangb/dllgdx.html 由：https://www.360docs.net/doc/c23078139.html, https://www.360docs.net/doc/c23078139.html, https://www.360docs.net/doc/c23078139.html, https://www.360docs.net/doc/c23078139.html, https://www.360docs.net/doc/c23078139.html, https://www.360docs.net/doc/c23078139.html,整理上传
20181118大连海事大学研究生学位论文撰写规范
大学海事大学研究生学位论文撰写规范 为了提高研究生学位论文的撰写质量，促进学位论文格式规范化，根据中华人民共和国国家标准《学位论文编写规则》（GB/T 7713.1—2006）和《信息与文献参考文献著录规则》（GB/T 7714—2015）等国家有关标准，结合我校实际，特制定本规范。 一、基本要求 学位论文是研究生科研工作成果的集中体现，是申请博士、硕士学位的重要依据，要求完整、准确、真实，符合学术规范。本规范适用于向我校申请博士、硕士学位的各类研究生学位论文。凡不符合本规范的学位论文，一律不予受理学位申请。 二、语言要求 根据《中华人民共和国国家通用语言文字法》的有关规定，研究生学位论文一般用中文（简体汉字）撰写。外国语言文学专业可用相应语种撰写学位论文，但论文题目、摘要等必须有中文译注，并应附5000字的详细中文摘要。留学生可用英语撰写学位论文，但论文题目、摘要等必须有中文译注，并应附5000字的详细中文摘要。 三、学位论文组成 学位论文一般由以下几个部分组成：封面、原创性声明及授权使用声明、中文摘要、英文摘要、目录、符号说明（必要时）、论文正文、参考文献、附录（必要时）、致谢、作者简历及攻读博士（或硕士）学位期间的科研成果等。
四、学位论文字数和内容要求 学位论文的字数由各学科根据专业特点制定具体要求，不做统一规定。 学位论文内容应结构完整、层次分明、文字简练准确、数据真实可靠、分析透彻、推理严谨、立论正确，图表规范，文献格式统一。 （一）封面 1. 样式：一律采用学校规定的统一封面样式。 2. 密级：涉密学位论文提交前必须在封面或首页做出国家秘密 标志。标注经校保密办公室审批通过的密级和定密时间，同时注明保密年限。非涉密学位论文一律不填写密级栏。 3. 论文题目：应简明扼要地概括和反映整个论文的核心内容，一般不宜超过25个汉字（符），英文题目一般不应超过150个字母，学位论文封面不使用副标题。题目中避免使用缩略词、首字母缩写词、字符、代号和公式等。 4. 指导教师：填写导师姓名和专业技术职务。如果有两位导师，第一导师在前，第二导师在后（需经培养单位批准，并在学籍系统完成备案）。学位论文在研究生指导教师小组（简称“导师组”）的指导下完成的，在此处仅填写第一和第二导师信息，其他成员相应信息应在致谢里说明。 5. 学科（专业）名称：填写研究生招生录取时的学科名称或专业学位类别名称，不可用简写。例如：生物物理学。工程硕士须列明具体的领域名称。
研究生英语期末考试试卷
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A. some modern women prefer a life of individual freedom. B. the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day Europe. C. some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonely. D. Most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable. 5.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A. To review the impact of women becoming high earners. B. To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism. C. To examine the trend of young people living alone. D. To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships. Passage Two American dramas and sitcoms would have been candidates for prime time several years ago. But those programs －though some remain popular －increasingly occupy fringe times slots on foreign networks. Instead, a growing number of shows produced by local broadcasters are on the air at the best times. The shift counters longstanding assumptions that TV shows produced in the United States would continue to overshadow locally produced shows from Singapore to Sicily. The changes are coming at a time when the influence of the United States on international affairs has annoyed friends and foes alike, and some people are expressing relief that at least on television American culture is no longer quite the force it once was. “There has always been a concern that the image of the world would be shaped too much by American culture,” said Dr. Jo Groebek, director general of the European Institu te for the Media, a non-profit group. Given the choice, he adds, foreign viewers often prefer homegrown shows that better reflect local tastes, cultures and historical events. Unlike in the United States, commercial broadcasting in most regions of the world －including Asia, Europe, and a lesser extent Latin America, which has a long history of commercial TV －is a relatively recent development. A majority of broadcasters in many countries were either state-owned or state-subsidized for much of the last century. Governments began to relax their control in the 1980’s by privatizing national broadcasters and granting licenses to dozens of new commercial networks. The rise of cable and satellite pay-television increased the spectrum of channels. Relatively inexperienced and often financed on a shoestring, these new commercial stations needed hours of programming fast. The cheapest and easiest way to fill airtime was to buy shows from American studios, and the bidding wars for popular shows were fierce. The big American studios took advantage of that demand by raising prices and forcing foreign broadcasters to buy less popular programs if they wanted access to the best-selling shows and movies. “The studio priced themselves out of prime time,” said Harry Evans Sloan, chairman of SBS Broadcasting, a Pan-European broadcaster. Mr. Sloan estimates that over the last decade, the price of American programs has increased fivefold even as the international ratings for these shows have declined. American broadcasters are still the biggest buyers of American-made television shows, accounting for 90% of the $25 billion in 2001 sales. But international sales which totaled $2.5 billion last year often make the difference between a profit and a loss on show. As the pace of foreign sales slows －the market is now growing at 5% a year, down from the double-digit growth of the 1990’s －studio executives are rethinking production costs. 6. Which of the following best characterizes the image embodied in American shows? A. Self-contradictory B. Prejudice-free C. Culture-loaded D. Audience-targeted 7. The intervention of governments in the 1980’s resulted in __________ . A. the patenting of domination shows and movies B. the emergence of new commercial networks C. the promotion of cable and satellite pay-television D. the intense competition coming from the outside 8. The phrase “on a shoestring” (Para. 6) most probably means __________. A. in need of capital B. after a fashion C. on second thoughts D. in the interests of themselves 9. The main reason why American dramas and sitcoms are driven out of prime time is that ____. A. they lose competitiveness B. they are not market-oriented C. they are too much priced D. they fall short of audience expectations 10. American studio producers will give thought to production costs __________. A. if they have no access to popular shows B. because their endeavors come to no avail C. since bidding wars are no longer fierce D. as international sales pace slows down Passage Three How shops can exploit people's herd mentality to increase sales 1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (th at is，how ants，bees or any social animal，including humans，behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy. 2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome，Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani，a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology，described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance，by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store，forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes，also of the Florida Institute of Technology, set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that, if a certain product is seen to be popular, shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying. 3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani's supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag, a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information，and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods, a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high, he is more likely to select it too.
大连海事大学论文模板
封面模板 （教务处统一印制，文科类、理工类统一使用） 大连海事大学（一号宋体加粗居中） 毕 业 论 文 （48号宋体 加粗居中） 二○一○年六月（三号宋体加粗居中） ┊┊┊┊┊┊┊ 装┊┊┊┊┊┊┊ 订┊┊┊┊┊┊┊ 线┊┊┊┊┊┊┊
内封（扉页）模板 毕业设计（论文）格式模板 （理工类专业适用） 基于低分辨率视频的手势运 动方向检测 （标题：二号宋体居中） 专业班级：电子商务3班（二号宋体居 中） 姓名：李国臻（二号宋体居 中） 指导教师：王春立（二号宋体居 中） 信息科学技术学院（二号宋体居中）
摘要 本文针对手机摄像头所获取的视频文件，进行手势运动方向的检测。针对低端摄像头视频图像的特点，本文采用了基于背景去除和肤色模型的方法对手部区域进行检测，并判别手部运动的方向。 首先，获取视频图像序列，即从视频文件中获取每一帧图像作为待检测的视频图像序列；其次，对获取的视频图像序列中的每一帧图像进行颜色模型转换、背景去除、图像二值化、形态学处理等预处理；然后,利用区域增长方法来检测视频图像序列中的手部连通区域，并计算每帧图像中手部区域的中心；最后根据图像序列中手部区域中心位置的变化来判断手部运动方向。 本文在Visual c++6.0开发环境下，借助于OpenCV开放平台，设计并实现了基于低端摄像头视频手势运动检测系统，得到了较好的检测效果。 关键词：运动目标检测；颜色模型；区域增长
ABSTRACT Moving target detection in video is to determine whether there is a moving target in the sequence of video images and to identify the location and trajectories of the moving target. With the popularization of camera functions in mobile phones and other electronic products ,it is increasingly become a kind of application needs to use gestures to control the mobile phones, so the problems of moving target detection based on the cameras of mobile phones are drawing more and more attention. However, the cameras that are widespread used in mobile phones are mostly low-end cameras, as the video files gained from the low-end cameras have some shortcomings such as big noise and low-resolution, thus there is a certain degree of difficulty in the detection of the moving targets. Keywords: moving target detection，color model conversion
大连海事大学复试流程
简单写下复试经历,给10考海事通信的提供点信息,我的感觉是海事复试很公平的。 今年的复试是一天,17号报到交材料,18号复试。复试流程是:上午专业课通信原理和英语听力,下午是专业综合和实验(都是选择题),然后是口语和面试。 []18号上午8点半开始考通信原理,2个小时满分100分,今年是填空、简答和几个大题,题目不难。 10点40开始听力,听力的题和四级的题目差不多,20分。10个短对话,然后是3个长对话(好像是)。由于听力设备的原因上午的听力大家都没听清,下午每个学院自己考的听力。 下午1点05开始答的实验题,30分,都是选择,一个模电的,一个数电的,再有一个是C语言的,都是基础的。同时发了个选导师的表,选5个,专业综合结束时一起交的。 1点35收实验题然后开始答专业综合,也都是选择题,40分钟,50分,有电路、模电、数电、微机原理、电磁场,很基础。 由于上午的听力没有正常进行,下午又考的听力,估计明年不会出现这种情况,这里就不介绍了。 4点多开始的口语和面试,分为两组,两个人进去,一个进行,另一个等着,面试时是10个老师,取平均分,所以非常公平。先是英语自我介绍就是口语了,5分,不要担心大胆说,分数都差不多的,我背的都没说完,说一半有些卡壳,后面就没怎么说了,呵呵,得了4.3分,我看基本都是4点几分吧。然后就是面试,老师问你一些学习情况,毕业论文什么的,就是聊聊天,不用紧张,面试是10分。 20号中午11点公布的结果,21号导师选学生,那天我启程回学校了,结果是导师通知我的。复试215分,有200分是客观的,主观的只有15分。基本上复试以后的排名和初试的差不多,个别的复习的好的和复习的差的会有变动,呵呵[/]。 流水账似的打了一堆,有些乱,可能有些大家关注的问题我也没提到。希望对大家有帮助。 综合笔试:模电数电简单的知识理解,电路网孔,微机原理的字节代表符号等,电磁场的方向,电磁波,驻波等。 实验题:模电试验:示波器的使用等数电试验:引脚图,JK触发器及RS触发器的上升沿及下降沿触发等,C语言常识理论的了解。
大连海事大学质量管理体系知识手册(2014修订)解析
大连海事大学 质量管理体系知识手册 质量管理处 2014 年 4月
前言 中国作为国际海事组织(IMO)的A类理事国之一，也是《STCW78/95》公约缔约国。国家海事主管机关于1997年正式发文规定，航海教育机构必须建立质量管理体系，并通过由主管机关组织的审核，取得质量体系证书，才可开展航海教育与培训。以此保证我国航海教育与国际航海教育相一致，保证我们培养出来的海员懂得国际航海规则、符合国际航海业的需要。 ISO 9000族标准是由ISO/TC176（国际标准化组织质量管理和质量保证技术委员会）制定的所有国际标准，该标准可帮助组织实施并有效运行质量管理体系，是质量管理体系通用的要求或指南。到目前为止，ISO 9000族核心标准已发布4个版本，换版3次，其管理理念和要求也随之不断优化。 我校依据《中华人民共和国船员教育和培 1
训质量管理规则》、ISO 9001标准和DNV三个认证规则建立了航海类人才培养质量管理体系，并于1998年6月先后通过了挪威船级社（DNV）和国家海事局的质量管理体系认证。其他专业的学生培养依据学校ISO 9001质量管理体系的要求实施内部质量管理。我校成为我国第一所通过ISO 9001质量管理体系认证的普通高等学校；世界第一所按照经修订的1978 STCW公约要求建立质量管理体系并通过政府主管机关认证的高等航海院校。2014年12月，我校陆上专业学生培养将接受中国船级社质量管理体系认证审核。 我校根据自身的实际情况，把质量管理规则和ISO 9001标准的相关要求体现于学校的各项工作过程之中，确定各个过程的合理接口和职责权限，建立一套完整化和文件化的质量管理体系。在学校内部形成自我发现问题、自我纠正问题、自我完善管理的机制，从而增强了学校的办学活力，使学校的教育教学质量得 2