左哈尔的Polysystem Theory(多元系统理论)

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Norwegian, Danish, Italian, Russian,
German, Icelandic, and a few other
languages.
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System Polysystem
➢System: This concept is introduced by Tynjanov. Elements, Tynjanov argued, do not exist in
(Even-Zohar, 1978)
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Polysytem with translation theories
• Just as the philosopher Chomsky uses linguistics to study how the human brain function in his philosophy, Even-Zohar regards translated literature as an effective way to study how the polysystem pose effect on translated literature. He believes through the analysis of the relationship of translated to original literary works, he could arrive at a better understanding of the nature of polysystem.
isolation, but always in an interrelationship with other elements of other systems.
systems
Literary structure Semi-literary structure Extraliterary structure
interrelated deciding
Specific element function
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System Polysystem
➢ Even-Zohar adopted Tynjanov’s concept of system. He developed the polysystem hypothesis while working on a model for Israeli Hebrew literature. In a series of papers written from 1970 to 1977 and collected in 1978 as “Papers in Historical Poetics”《历史诗学论文集》, he first introduced the term “polysystem” to refer to the entire network of correlated system within society. Thus it is a global term covering all of the literary system, both major and minor existing in a given culture.
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Patronage Social conditions Economics Institutional manipulation …
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• He is not specifically a translation theorist, but a cultural theorist. But his pioneering work continues to exert considerable influence on translation, particularly when studying translation in emerging cultures or cultures in crisis. His thinking about translations led him to some of the most provocative hypotheses about literary system.
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Polysytem with translation theories
“It is necessary to include translated literature in the polysystem. This is rarely done, but no observer of the history of any literature can avoid recognizing as an important fact the impact of translations and their role in the synchrony and diachrony of a certain literature”.
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Polysystem
Literary System
Extraliterary System
Canonized form Non-canonized form
esteemed discourses and genres:
Poetry
…
‘less worthy’ genres: Children’s literature Popular fiction …
➢ Cultural theorist, not a translation theorist. One of forerunners of translation studies
➢ Command a working knowledge of :
Hebrew (mother tongue), Arabic,
Chapter 5
Polysystem
Theory
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Introduction of Itamar Even-Zohar
➢ Professor Emeritus of Culture Research, of University of Tel Aviv
Itamar Even-Zohar
(Picture taken 1993, Santiago de Compostela)