考博英语语法重点复习总结

考博英语语法重点总结

独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装

一、独立主格特征

1. 充当句子的状语。

2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。

3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词

4. With + 名词（代词）+ 分词(形容词）

例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home.

b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started.

c) he entered the room, with his hands open

（holding a rifle).

真题剖析

(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are

46 of the material which would 47 feed them.

45. A. For B. As C. With D. Becau se

练习：

Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, p erhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you real ly want to do.

8. A. is B. having C. being

D. be

二、虚拟语气1. （should）+动词原形

It +be动词+形容词

(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable …)+that从句

It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句

It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句

部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句

2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式

would rather +动词过去式

真题剖析

(1997) …I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that t eaching is hard work . …

47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner he adlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they

53 that the professor be sent home.

53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demande

d

练习：

Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership exp losion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to he art.

15. A. took B. would take C. will take

D. should take

(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner sat isfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappoint ing.

(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.)

54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should

三、非谓语动词

动名词、分词、不定式。

主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done)

发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。

(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been)

To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。

真题剖析

(2000) …In the inner cities of America, newspapers regul arly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers.

60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops (2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 lif e: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prev ents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways.

59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged

D. derivative

四、主谓一致

1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。

How you got there doesn’t concern me.

Growing vegetables needs constant watering.

2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。

Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on.

3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes 等），谓语通常用单数形式。

4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。

Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water).

5. 不定代词

(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, some thing等)作主语，谓语用单数。

Everyone knows that you’ve come here.

If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I c ome back. (--thing 的情况例外)

6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致

（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as , accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, li ke, more than, no less than, rather than, including等）He no less than John is interested in literature. 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。

(or, either…or,neither…nor,not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等)

Either my father or my brothers are coming.

8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。

Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wa