高中英语2020届二轮复习语法专项虚拟语气教案 (1)

虚拟语气

一、【知识精讲】

（一）虚拟语气的三种基本形式

1.与现在事实相反一般过去时/were（从句）would/should/could/might＋动词原形（主句）

2.与过去事实相反had＋过去分词（从句）would/should/could/might＋have＋过去分词（主句）

3.与将来事实相反一般过去时/were to＋动词原形/should＋动词原形（从句）

would/should/could/ might＋动词原形（主句）

If he were/was here now, I could ask him the question. 如果他现在在这儿，我就可以问他这个问题。If it rained/were to rain/should rain tomorrow, I would not go to Beijing. 如果明天下雨，我就不去北京了。

If he had told me his telephone number yesterday, I would have phoned him. 如果他昨天把电话号码告诉我，我一定会给他打电话。

（二）错综时间虚拟语气

前面介绍的三种基本形式的虚拟语气，其if从句中谓语动词的动作与主句谓语动词的动作发生的时间是一致的，即同为现在、过去或将来。但是当二者动作发生的时间不一致时，主句和从句各自的谓语形式要根据它们动作发生的时间按照上述原则作适当调整。常见的错综时间是：从句表示过去，主句表示现在，即If...had＋过去分词..., ...should/would/could/might＋动词原形。

If she had followed the doctor's advice, she would be quite all right now. 如果(当初)她听从了医生的劝告，她现在就没事了。

If the young tree had been watered, it wouldn't die now. 如果给那棵小树浇了水，它现在就不会死了。

（三）虚拟句的倒装

如果在表示虚拟语气的条件句中含有were, had或should，可将if省略，然后将were, had或should移至主语之前。

Were I in school again, I would study harder. 如果我(现在)再上学的话，我会更加努力学习。

Had it not been for your help, I couldn't have finished it ahead of time. 要是没有你的帮助，我就不能提前把它做完。

Should it snow tomorrow, we would be very happy. 如果明天下雪，我们将会很高兴。

（四）含蓄虚拟条件句

含蓄虚拟条件句是指假设的情况不用条件从句表示，而是以其他方式隐含在上下文中。其表现形式有：

1.介词或介词短语：without(若没有), but for(要不是)

Without electricity, human life would be quite different today. 如果没有电，今天人类的生活就完全不同了。

Without his advice, I couldn't have done it all by myself.＝If it hadn't been for his advice, I couldn't have done it all by myself. 如果没有他的建议，我就不可能独自做好这一切。

But for your help, we wouldn't have succeeded in doing this experiment. 要不是你的帮助，我们不可能成功地做好这个实验。

But for the meeting, I would have gone to your party last Saturday.＝If it hadn't been for the meeting, I would have gone to your party last Saturday. 要不是那个会议，我就参加你们上周六举行的晚会了。

2.分词短语暗示的虚拟语气

在简单句中，有时假设的条件隐含在现在分词短语或过去分词短语之中，在这种情况下，句子的谓语动词的形式必须根据分词短语所假设的情况或句中的时间状语来判断和选用。

Having known it earlier, we would have stopped such a thing from happening again. 如果我们早点知道这件事的话，我们就会阻止它再次发生了。

Having been given more money, we would have been to Hong Kong instead of Dalian.＝If we had been given more money, we would have been to Hong Kong instead of Dalian. 如果我们有更多的钱，我们就去香港而不是去大连了。

Being your age, I would study harder.＝If I were your age, I would study harder. 如果我是你这个年龄，我会更加努力学习。

（五）虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用

1.动词wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气

（1）与现在事实相反一般过去时/were

（2）与过去事实相反 had+过去分词

（3）与将来事实相反 would/could/might+动词原形

I wish they were at home this time. 我希望他们现在在家。

I wish I had seen her last night. 我希望昨天晚上见过她。

I wish he would have a bright future. 我希望他有美好的未来。

2.as if/though引导从句中的虚拟语气

（1）与现在事实相反一般过去时/were

（2）与过去事实相反 had+过去分词

（3）与将来事实相反 would+动词原形

She always talks to me as if she were my sister. 她跟我说起话来像我的姐姐似的。

He walked slowly as if he had hurt his leg. 他走得很慢，好像腿受伤了。

She talks about it again and again as though she would not end. 她反反复复地说这件事，好像没完没了了。

3.if only...的虚拟结构

（1）与现在事实相反一般过去时/were

（2）与过去事实相反 had+过去分词

（3）与将来事实相反 would+动词原形

If only he were here! 要是他在这儿就好了。

If only I had informed him of the news earlier. 要是我早点告诉他这条消息就好了。

If only he would lend me his car! 要是他能把车借给我就好了。

4.would rather后面接从句用虚拟语气

（1）表示与现在和将来事实相反，从句中谓语动词用一般过去时/were。

（2）表示与过去事实相反，从句中谓语动词用had+过去分词。

I would rather we didn't see a film this evening. 我宁愿我们今天晚上不看电影。

I'd rather you had returned the book yesterday. 我宁愿你昨天就已经把书还了。

5.表示坚持、决定、要求、命令等词后的宾语从句用虚拟语气

insist；suggest, advise, recommend, propose；decide；ask, demand, require, request, urge；order, command等在以上这些动词后的宾语从句中谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”形式，should可以省略。She suggested we (should) leave early. 她建议我们早点离开。

He insists that she (should) come. 他执意要她来。