2019届二轮复习高考英语新闻类阅读做题技巧(8页word版)

2019届二轮复习高考英语新闻类阅读做题技巧

01

文体特点

1. 新闻类文章的语篇结构——标题导语正文结语

2.新闻类文章的文体风格——短小精炼（常用代词）&客观真实（被动语态和间接引语的使用）

02命题特点

1.考查新闻事件的六要素，题型主要为细节题

2.考查对新闻事件的观点，题型主要为观点推断题

3.考查语篇衔接，推断某一特定词或者短语的指代内容，题型主要为指代、推断题

4.概括主旨，题型主要为主题归纳题

03策略技巧

1.研读导语，确定中心人物或者事件，把握主题

2.直接读题，判断题目类型

3.根据不同题型，采用不同定位方式查找信息

备考建议

04文体特点

新闻类文章的语篇结构

首先，我们来谈谈高考新闻类文章的语篇结构。新闻报道一般来说由四个部分构成：标题(headline)、导语(lead)，正文(body)和结语（ending）。标题通常起着提纲挈领、吸引受众的作用，被视为新闻的“眼睛”；导语概括通篇，旨在导读，被视为新闻的“灵魂”；正文则具体描写，被视为新闻的“躯干”; 结语总结概括，重申主题或者升华主题。

一篇新闻报道首要吸引人注意的部分是它的标题。英语新闻报道的标题力求用一句话来概括整个新闻的内容。因为标题揭示的是新闻最主要的、读者最关心的核心内容。如：Whale 'saves' biologist from shark。从这个标题中我们可以知道文章的核心事件是一头鲸从一只鲨鱼口中救出了一位生物学家，一下子激起了读者的好奇心，忍不住继续向下阅读。然而近年来高考新闻类文章一般隐去标题，却在设题时要求考生自拟标题，考查学生对文章的概括能力，有助于培养学生的思维品质，实际上提升了对学生阅读能力的要求。

新闻的开篇是导语部分。导语部分是用一段有趣的轶闻或者新闻中关键的事实引出整个文章的主题（Theme），使读者能够获取最具价值的信息，并有兴趣继续读下去。英语新闻的导语常占据一则新闻的第一自然段，最多不超过三个自然段，能全部或部分回答Who、What、When、Where、Why、How等问题。

正文是新闻报道的重要组成部分，其作用是补充核心人物或者对核心事件进行展开、解释和补充，或者是对导语所设悬念的解答。正文部分会采用事实、趣事、引语等各种消息来源来支持主题。我们将这种新闻结构比作“沙漏”，正文中的

每一个细节就像沙漏中的沙子一样，无论文章是采用正叙还是倒叙的手法，沙漏中的沙子都是围绕导语中揭示的主题来展开的，都会落在沙漏的容器里。

结语一般比较简洁，有时受制于篇幅还会省略，主要作用是重申主题。

接下来，笔者就以2017年浙江阅读理解的C篇为例说明新闻类文章的语篇结构（为了说明的需要，每段段首加了段落标记）。

1) FLORENCE, Italy –Svetlana Cojochru feels hurt. The Moldovan has lived here seven years as a caregiver to Italian kids and the elderly, but in order to stay she's had to prove her language skills by taking a test which requires her to write a postcard to an imaginary friend and answer a fictional job ad.

2) Italy is the latest Western European country trying to control a growing immigrant (移民) population by demanding language skills in exchange for work permits, or in some cases, citizenship．

3) Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times make it more difficult for natives to keep jobs, such measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration (融合). Others say it's only natural that newcomers learn the language of their host nation , seeing it as a condition to ensure they can contribute to society．

4) Other European countries laid down a similar requirement for immigrants, and some terms are even tougher. The governments argue that this will help foreigners better join the society and promote understanding across cultures.

5) Italy, which has a much weaker tradition of immigration, has witnessed

a sharp increase in immigration in recent years. In 1990, immigrants numbered some 1.14 million out of Italy's then 56.7 million people, or about 2 percent. At the start of this year, foreigners living in Italy amounted to 4.56 million of a total population of 60.6 million, or 7.5 percent, with immigrants' children accounting for an ever larger percentage of births in Italy.

6) Cojochru, the Moldovan caregiver, hoped obtaining permanent residence (居住权) would help her bring her two children to Italy; they live with her sister in Moldova, where salaries are among the lowest in Europe. She was skeptical that the language requirement would encourage integration.

7) Italians always “see me as a foreigner”, an outsider, even though she's stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently, she said.

28. Why does Cojochru have to take a language test? (细节题)

A. To continue to stay in Italy．

B. To teach her children Italian．

C. To find a better job in Italy．

D. To better mix with the Italians．

29. Some people worry that the new language requirement may . (观点推断题）

A. reduce Italy's population quickly