非谓语动词(讲解) PPT

注1：某些形容词在too…to结构中表肯定， 它们是anxious, delighted, eager, easy, glad, kind, pleased, ready, surprised, willing等。 She was too surprised to see how angry her father was.(看到父亲那么生气，她很吃惊) 注2：在not, never, only, all, but等后的too… to 结构中too意为very，没有否定含义。
非谓语动词的用法
主语 宾语
不定式 动名词 分词
表语
定语
状语
补足 语
√ √
√ √
√ √√ √√ X√ XXX
√
√
√
√
不定式
一 不定式的用法
1. 主语 It is right to give up smoking. To see is to believe.
2. 宾语 I find it interesting to study English. He wanted to go.
I heard him singing a song. He was heard singing a song.
4. 定语 The farmers thought of ways to protect their cro
He is the first one to come here. 注1：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词， 或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式 动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需有介词
二. 不定式的时态 1. 不定式一般形式所表示的动作通常与谓语 动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后 发生。 I plan to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow. I saw him go out. 2. 如果谓语表示的动作发生时，不定式表示 的动作正在进行，不定式用进行时。 He is believed to be coming. I’m glad to be working with you.
3. 宾语补足语 He asked me to do the work with him. 注意：在feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make 等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to.但是 变成被动结构，必须带to. I heard him sing a song. He was heard to sing a song.
I hoped to have finished the work earlier.
三. 不带to的不定式 1. 在feel, hear, listen to, make, let, have, see, look at, watch, notice, observe等动词后， 不定式作宾补时不用to 2. 在would rather (would sooner, had rather, had sooner)…than, rather than结构的than 之后 I would sooner stay at home than go to see a movie. He insisted on going back to work rather than stay in hospital.
注2：当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或 代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式可 用主被动两种语态，含义有所不同。
Have you anything to send? 动作执行者you Have you anything to be sent? 动作执行者是我或别人
5. 状语 I came here to see you. (目的) in order to, so as to We were excited to hear the news. (原因) He hurried to the school to find nobody there. (结果） so…as to, such…as to, enough to…, only to…, too…to He lifted a rock only to drop in on his own feet.
8.不定式与疑问词连用在句中起名词作用， 可充当主语，表语，宾语等。 How to solve the problem is very important. My question is when to start. He didn’t know what to say.
注意：在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的不定 不带to. Why not have a rest?
Please give me a knife to cut with. There is nothing to worry about. He is looking for a room to live in.
但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或way, 不定式后面的介词习惯上可以 省略。 He had no money and no place to live (in).
It’s never too late to learn. I’m only too glad to stay at home.
6.表语 My job is to help the patient. 7.独立成分 to tell the truth, to be frank, to be exact, to begin with, to make a long story short
3. 不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前，用完成 时。 He is believed to have come. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. 4. 在intended, expected, hoped, promised, wanted, wished, thought等后用不定式完 成式表示过去没有实现的愿望，期待或 计划。