燃气汽车发动机技术
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16
天然气与柴油发动机主要特性的比较 Key Characteristics-Natural Gas vs Diesel 0.2g NOx
L 10 G
排放 Emissions 可靠性 Reliability 燃料成本/哩程 Fuel Cost/Mile 耐久性 Durability 生命周期成本 LCC 时间 Timeline
第一代产品使用固定动力应用中的现成子系统 The 1st generation engines utilized available subsystems from the stationary application engines
- 燃料系统Fuel system - 节气阀控制 Throttle control - 点火系统Ignition system
17
C 8.3
+
C Plus
+
ISL G
+
ISL G
+
+
_
_
0
0
0
_
_
0
+
+
_
_
0
0
0
_
_
_
0
+
1989
1996
2001
2007
2010
过度到氢燃料的途径 Pathway to Hydrogen
HCNG emissions normalized vs. CNG
以氢为燃料的燃料电池驱动的 客车现在还在演示阶段 Hydrogen fuel cell powered buses are in demonstration today
功率 Horsepower
11
宽广的产品系列 Broadest Product Line Today
5.9 Litre 195–230 hp 420–500 lb-ft 1.8 NOx+NMHC
12
8.3 Litre 250-280 hp 750 – 850 lb-ft 1.8 NOx+NMHC 0.01 PM
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
Lambda
过量空气系数
20
稀薄燃烧界限 Lean Burn Combustion Limits
Lean 稀
Lean Misfire Limit 过稀失火界限
Air / Fuel Ratio 空/燃 比
Stoichiometric 化学配比
Detonation Limit 爆震界限
8.9 Litre 320 hp 1000 lb-ft 1.5 NOx+NMHC 0.01 PM
0.01 PM
美国的排放法规 Emissions Regulations
1994 5.0 500 PPM
NOx / NOx+NMHC [g/HP-hr]
1998 4.0 SULFUR
氧化氮 非甲烷碳氢 氧化氮+非甲烷碳氢
AVL 8-Mode Comparison
1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0
2 BS FC x M HC O C 4 CO O N C H
50% NOx Reduction
掺氢可以减少NOx 排放 Hydrogen blends can acBiblioteka Baiduieve reduced NOx
康明斯西港发动机现正在演示 加氢天然气运营 CWI engines are in demonstration today with hydrogen blended natural gas
8
市场进展 Market Evolution
9
产品发展 Product Evolution
L10G 燃气发动机 L10G gas engine 第一台闭环电控的B系列发动机 1st closed loop electronic control LB engine C8.3G 投产 Launch C8.3G 增强型技术 Plus Technology 增强型B 燃气发动机 B Gas Plus 增强型B 液化石油气发动机 B LPG Plus 增强型L系列 燃气发动机 L Gas Plus ISL G 1989 B5.9G 1995
70.0
50.0
Engine Test Mode 15
Diesel bus engine
柴油车
C Gas Plus
CG天然气车
生命周期成本 Life Cycle Costs
随着排放的降低柴油汽车的运营成本会上升而燃气汽车成本保持相对平稳 Directionally diesel powered vehicle costs are rising with decreasing emissions, while natural gas vehicle costs are remaining relatively flat 历史上在美国天然气成本按能量等效相比, 较柴油燃料低25% Historically natural gas in the US has cost 25% less than diesel fuel on a gallon equivalent basis 燃料成本上的节约可能是相当大的,特别是高燃耗的应用如城市公交和垃圾 收集车 Fuel cost savings can be significant, especially in high fuel use applications like transit bus and refuse collection 当燃料成本和安装成本之和有利于燃气汽车的市场上,可以给用户提供最低 的生命周期成本. Can offer customers lowest life cycle cost in markets where combined fuel costs and total vehicle installed cost favors natural gas over diesel fuel
对于中载和重型车市场而言稀燃显现为较合适的技术 Lean Burn technology emerged as the appropriate technology for the medium/heavy duty automotive markets
-燃料经济性 Fuel efficiency - 功率和扭矩 Power & Torque - 可靠性/耐久性Reliability/durability - 放热 Heat rejection
0.12 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.0
14
颗粒物 PM (g/bhp-hr) (g/bhp
Today’s Diesel and NG Engine Emissions
CNG < 2003 CNG 2003 Diesel < 2003 Diesel 2003
1.0
14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
over
Cumulative Alt Fuel Sales
12,000
engines in service Worldwide
其中2600台 在中国 2600 in China 台 其中
2.0
3.0
4.0 Source: DOE 1/28/03
5.0
氮氧化物 NOx (g/bhp-hr)
天然气发动机可以降低城市噪音污染 Gas Engine will reduce noise level in the city
天然气发动机低6.1分贝 天然气发动机低 分贝
Natural gas is 6.1 decibels quieter at peak torque and load
Agenda 目录
康明斯西港的产品 CWI Worldwide Products 市场进展 Market Evolution 技术发展 Technology Evolution 小结 Summary
2
我们的目标 Our Vision
作为世界领先的清洁气体燃料发动机的 供应商向所有客车和卡车用户提供最经济的 解决方案 To be the world’s leading provider of clean gaseous fueled engines that deliver the most economic solution for all bus and truck customers.
燃气汽车发动机技术 Automotive Natural Gas Engine Technology
康明斯公司北京办事处 Cummins Corporation Beijing Branch 东亚区工程技术总监 Director-Engineering & Technology East Asia 闵 佟 Min Tong 2006.7.13
1996 C Gas Plus 2001 2002 2003 2004 2007
10
康明斯西港产品系列产品
CWI Product Line
1250
扭矩 Torque
1050 850 650 450
L Gas Plus C Gas Plus B LPG Plus
150 200
B Gas Plus
250 300 350 400
(20% hydrogen by volume)
18
N
技术发展 Technology Evolution
19
天然气发动机技术 Natural Gas Technology
八十年代后期车用发动机采用理想化学配比和稀燃两种火花点火技术 In the late 80s, automotive engines utilized both Stoic and Lean Burn spark ignited technologies
应用 Applications
公交客车,穿梭接送客车,垃圾运输车 Transit Buses, Shuttle Buses, Refuse trucks 另担运输车,清扫车,压缩天然气运输车 Delivery Trucks, Street Sweepers, CNG Haul trucks
7
发动机累计销售 Cumulative Engine Sales
90.0 Decibels dB(A)
天然气发动机低噪音优势已 被承认 一部柴油机产生的噪音相当 一部柴油机产生的噪音相当 于十部天然气发动机的噪音 十部天然气发动机的噪音 总和
天然气发动机低11.8分贝 分贝 天然气发动机低
Natural gas is 11.8 Natural gas is 11.8 decibels quieter at idle
硫 含 量
2.5
2002
城市客车
1.2 2007*
Urban Bus
15 PPM
0.2 0.0 0.0
2010 0.01 0.10
* Average NOx value during 3 year phase-in period
13
PARTICULATE [g/HP-hr]
颗粒物
目前, 柴油机和天然气发动机排放比较 Comparison on Emissions between Diesel & Gas Engine
Rich 浓
Thermal Limit 热负荷界限 Rich Misfire Limit 过浓失火界限
Closed-Loop LeanBurn 闭环稀燃 Open-Loop Lean-Burn 开环稀燃 Stoichiometric 化学配比
21
BMEP
平均有效压力
稀燃技术 Lean Burn Technology
化学配比燃烧
Stoichiometric
HC
Oxidation Catalyst optional for HC/CO Control
排放
Nox CO
Emissions
Required for Three Way Catalyst operation
Lean Burn
稀燃
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
3
4
5
6
市场和应用 Markets and Applications
主要市场 Key Markets
美国,加拿大,英国,法国,奥地利,澳大利亚 US, Canada, UK, France, Austria, Australia 中国(北京,西安,乌鲁木齐,成都,重庆,西宁,上海),菲律宾, 印度,埃及,拉丁美洲 China, Philippines, India, Egypt, Latin America 俄罗斯,捷克 Russia, Czech Republic
这些设计的问题是随环境及应用的变动性和敏感性 These designs suffered from variability and sensitivities to both the environment and application
天然气与柴油发动机主要特性的比较 Key Characteristics-Natural Gas vs Diesel 0.2g NOx
L 10 G
排放 Emissions 可靠性 Reliability 燃料成本/哩程 Fuel Cost/Mile 耐久性 Durability 生命周期成本 LCC 时间 Timeline
第一代产品使用固定动力应用中的现成子系统 The 1st generation engines utilized available subsystems from the stationary application engines
- 燃料系统Fuel system - 节气阀控制 Throttle control - 点火系统Ignition system
17
C 8.3
+
C Plus
+
ISL G
+
ISL G
+
+
_
_
0
0
0
_
_
0
+
+
_
_
0
0
0
_
_
_
0
+
1989
1996
2001
2007
2010
过度到氢燃料的途径 Pathway to Hydrogen
HCNG emissions normalized vs. CNG
以氢为燃料的燃料电池驱动的 客车现在还在演示阶段 Hydrogen fuel cell powered buses are in demonstration today
功率 Horsepower
11
宽广的产品系列 Broadest Product Line Today
5.9 Litre 195–230 hp 420–500 lb-ft 1.8 NOx+NMHC
12
8.3 Litre 250-280 hp 750 – 850 lb-ft 1.8 NOx+NMHC 0.01 PM
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
Lambda
过量空气系数
20
稀薄燃烧界限 Lean Burn Combustion Limits
Lean 稀
Lean Misfire Limit 过稀失火界限
Air / Fuel Ratio 空/燃 比
Stoichiometric 化学配比
Detonation Limit 爆震界限
8.9 Litre 320 hp 1000 lb-ft 1.5 NOx+NMHC 0.01 PM
0.01 PM
美国的排放法规 Emissions Regulations
1994 5.0 500 PPM
NOx / NOx+NMHC [g/HP-hr]
1998 4.0 SULFUR
氧化氮 非甲烷碳氢 氧化氮+非甲烷碳氢
AVL 8-Mode Comparison
1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0
2 BS FC x M HC O C 4 CO O N C H
50% NOx Reduction
掺氢可以减少NOx 排放 Hydrogen blends can acBiblioteka Baiduieve reduced NOx
康明斯西港发动机现正在演示 加氢天然气运营 CWI engines are in demonstration today with hydrogen blended natural gas
8
市场进展 Market Evolution
9
产品发展 Product Evolution
L10G 燃气发动机 L10G gas engine 第一台闭环电控的B系列发动机 1st closed loop electronic control LB engine C8.3G 投产 Launch C8.3G 增强型技术 Plus Technology 增强型B 燃气发动机 B Gas Plus 增强型B 液化石油气发动机 B LPG Plus 增强型L系列 燃气发动机 L Gas Plus ISL G 1989 B5.9G 1995
70.0
50.0
Engine Test Mode 15
Diesel bus engine
柴油车
C Gas Plus
CG天然气车
生命周期成本 Life Cycle Costs
随着排放的降低柴油汽车的运营成本会上升而燃气汽车成本保持相对平稳 Directionally diesel powered vehicle costs are rising with decreasing emissions, while natural gas vehicle costs are remaining relatively flat 历史上在美国天然气成本按能量等效相比, 较柴油燃料低25% Historically natural gas in the US has cost 25% less than diesel fuel on a gallon equivalent basis 燃料成本上的节约可能是相当大的,特别是高燃耗的应用如城市公交和垃圾 收集车 Fuel cost savings can be significant, especially in high fuel use applications like transit bus and refuse collection 当燃料成本和安装成本之和有利于燃气汽车的市场上,可以给用户提供最低 的生命周期成本. Can offer customers lowest life cycle cost in markets where combined fuel costs and total vehicle installed cost favors natural gas over diesel fuel
对于中载和重型车市场而言稀燃显现为较合适的技术 Lean Burn technology emerged as the appropriate technology for the medium/heavy duty automotive markets
-燃料经济性 Fuel efficiency - 功率和扭矩 Power & Torque - 可靠性/耐久性Reliability/durability - 放热 Heat rejection
0.12 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.0
14
颗粒物 PM (g/bhp-hr) (g/bhp
Today’s Diesel and NG Engine Emissions
CNG < 2003 CNG 2003 Diesel < 2003 Diesel 2003
1.0
14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
over
Cumulative Alt Fuel Sales
12,000
engines in service Worldwide
其中2600台 在中国 2600 in China 台 其中
2.0
3.0
4.0 Source: DOE 1/28/03
5.0
氮氧化物 NOx (g/bhp-hr)
天然气发动机可以降低城市噪音污染 Gas Engine will reduce noise level in the city
天然气发动机低6.1分贝 天然气发动机低 分贝
Natural gas is 6.1 decibels quieter at peak torque and load
Agenda 目录
康明斯西港的产品 CWI Worldwide Products 市场进展 Market Evolution 技术发展 Technology Evolution 小结 Summary
2
我们的目标 Our Vision
作为世界领先的清洁气体燃料发动机的 供应商向所有客车和卡车用户提供最经济的 解决方案 To be the world’s leading provider of clean gaseous fueled engines that deliver the most economic solution for all bus and truck customers.
燃气汽车发动机技术 Automotive Natural Gas Engine Technology
康明斯公司北京办事处 Cummins Corporation Beijing Branch 东亚区工程技术总监 Director-Engineering & Technology East Asia 闵 佟 Min Tong 2006.7.13
1996 C Gas Plus 2001 2002 2003 2004 2007
10
康明斯西港产品系列产品
CWI Product Line
1250
扭矩 Torque
1050 850 650 450
L Gas Plus C Gas Plus B LPG Plus
150 200
B Gas Plus
250 300 350 400
(20% hydrogen by volume)
18
N
技术发展 Technology Evolution
19
天然气发动机技术 Natural Gas Technology
八十年代后期车用发动机采用理想化学配比和稀燃两种火花点火技术 In the late 80s, automotive engines utilized both Stoic and Lean Burn spark ignited technologies
应用 Applications
公交客车,穿梭接送客车,垃圾运输车 Transit Buses, Shuttle Buses, Refuse trucks 另担运输车,清扫车,压缩天然气运输车 Delivery Trucks, Street Sweepers, CNG Haul trucks
7
发动机累计销售 Cumulative Engine Sales
90.0 Decibels dB(A)
天然气发动机低噪音优势已 被承认 一部柴油机产生的噪音相当 一部柴油机产生的噪音相当 于十部天然气发动机的噪音 十部天然气发动机的噪音 总和
天然气发动机低11.8分贝 分贝 天然气发动机低
Natural gas is 11.8 Natural gas is 11.8 decibels quieter at idle
硫 含 量
2.5
2002
城市客车
1.2 2007*
Urban Bus
15 PPM
0.2 0.0 0.0
2010 0.01 0.10
* Average NOx value during 3 year phase-in period
13
PARTICULATE [g/HP-hr]
颗粒物
目前, 柴油机和天然气发动机排放比较 Comparison on Emissions between Diesel & Gas Engine
Rich 浓
Thermal Limit 热负荷界限 Rich Misfire Limit 过浓失火界限
Closed-Loop LeanBurn 闭环稀燃 Open-Loop Lean-Burn 开环稀燃 Stoichiometric 化学配比
21
BMEP
平均有效压力
稀燃技术 Lean Burn Technology
化学配比燃烧
Stoichiometric
HC
Oxidation Catalyst optional for HC/CO Control
排放
Nox CO
Emissions
Required for Three Way Catalyst operation
Lean Burn
稀燃
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
3
4
5
6
市场和应用 Markets and Applications
主要市场 Key Markets
美国,加拿大,英国,法国,奥地利,澳大利亚 US, Canada, UK, France, Austria, Australia 中国(北京,西安,乌鲁木齐,成都,重庆,西宁,上海),菲律宾, 印度,埃及,拉丁美洲 China, Philippines, India, Egypt, Latin America 俄罗斯,捷克 Russia, Czech Republic
这些设计的问题是随环境及应用的变动性和敏感性 These designs suffered from variability and sensitivities to both the environment and application