专四练习之语法2(非谓语动词,独立结构、悬垂结构)

（三）举例： The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 考试结束了，我们开始放假。 The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。 Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。 This done, we went home. 工作完成后，我们才回家。
3.非谓语动词作补语的要点提示

1. 现在分词表动作正在进行， 过去分词表被动， 不定式表动作已完成或结束 2.补语如果是非持续性动词，不定式表 一次性的动作，现在分词则表示反复发 生的动作。
真题演练（2004）



The Minister of Finance is believed____ of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue. A. that he is thinking B. to be thinking C. that he is to think D. to think B. 人们认为财政部长正在考虑通过征收 新税种来增加政府的额外收入。
The meeting gone over, everyone is tired to go home earlier. 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。 He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。 He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆


5）不定式同疑问词一起作宾语（v.+疑 问词+to do)时常用的动词包括： Consider/ decide/ know/ explain /forget/ learn/ remember/ tell/ wonder
真题演练（1993）


I never regretted_______ the offer, for it was not where my interest lay. A. not to accept B. not having accepted C. having not accepted D. not accepting D.我从不后悔没有接受那个提议，因为那并非 我的兴趣所以。B的表达包括了时间概念，而 该题并没有强调事件发生的先后顺序，没有时 态要求。
III.悬垂分词(专四应该考不到,超纲)




顾名思义，分词通常通过它的逻辑主语对句子 发生作用，如 Looking out of the window of our hotel room, there are lots of mountains. (“看”的动作由 人发出，而主句主语是mountain) Admired by everybody, dozens of letters reached the veteran soldier. Sitting under an apple tree one night, an idea came to Newton. Having eaten our lunch, the car pushed its way through the tortuous canyon.
1.名词（或代词）＋现在分词（或过去分词）。如： 1）The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey. 2）Good-bye said, he went home. 2.名词（或代词）＋形容词。如： 3）The weather (being) hot, we all went swimming. 3.名词（或代词）＋不定式。如： 4）Some of the money to be paid by the thief, the police went. 4.名词（或代词）＋介词短语。如： 5）He climbed in, sword in hand. 5.名词（或代词）＋副词。如： 6）The meeting (being) over, we left the room.

2）接doing的动词 Admit/acknowledge/ advise/ advocate/ allow/ anticipate/ appreciate/ avoid/ can’t help/ complete/ confess/ consider/ defer/ delay/ deny/ endure/ enjoy/ escape/ excuse/ fancy/ favor/ finish/ forbid/ grudge/ imagine/ include/ involve/ justify/ mention/ mind/ miss/ pardon/ postpone/ practise / prevent /quit/ recall/ report/ require/ resist/resume/ risk/ stand/ suggest/ understand等

非谓语动词作状语的用法的比较是此类 语法考试的最重要的项目，非谓语动词 作宾语也是主要的考试内容。
1. 非谓语动词作主语

1. to do 和doing,可以作主语，含义不同， to do 强调结果（一般指具体或一次性的 动作），doing强调进程（一般或抽象的 多次动作），分词形式不能作主语。
4.非谓语动词作状语的要点提示


1.不定式和分词都可用来作状语，表原 因，让步，方式，伴随，结果等，动名 词一般不作状语 2.现在分词表主动正在进行，过去分词 表被动或已经完成的动作。
真题演练（1998）


————，he can now only watch it on TV at home. A. obtaining not a ticket for the match B. not obtaining a ticket for the match C. not having obtained a ticket for the match D. not obtained a ticket for the match C. 由于没有买到比赛的票，他只能在家看电视 比赛了。（作原因状语）

3.当不定式和分词有自己的主语，构成 不定式和分词的独立结构时，不定式的 独立结构通常在句中作状语表示伴随， 分词独立结构在句中作状语，表示伴随， 时间，原因，条件等。
II. 独立主格结构
（一）： 独立主格结构的构成： 名词(代词)+ 现在分词、过去分词； 名词(代词)+ 形容词； 名词(代词)+ 副词； 名词(代词)+ 不定式； 名词(代词) + 介词短语构成。 With +n./pron.+ doing/done/prep. With book in hand 主格名词/代词 + 分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词 短语 (作逻辑主语) (作逻辑谓语)



4） +doing, +to do 都可以的动词，意 思完全不同(P247章) Forget, go on, leave off, mean, regret, remember, stop Mean doing 意味着 Mean to do 打算… Regret to do/ doing

Baidu Nhomakorabea

3) +doing, +to do 都可以的动词，一般无区别 Attempt, begin, can’t bear, deserve, continue, dread, hate, intend, like, loathe, love, need, neglect, omit, plan, prefer, require, start等， （P246章） 如上述动词为进行体，后则接不定式。 I’m starting to work/ it’s beginning to rain. 上述动词中need/want/require/deserve doing 表示被动。




2. it is a./n. +doing no good/no use/such a pity/ a waste of time /not an easy task good/better/foolish/useful/useless/difficult/po ssible It is +a./n.+ to do easy/difficult /right/ wrong/ important / clever/ foolish/ polite/ impolite/ pity/ honor/ shame/ odd
I. 非谓语动词



非谓语动词也称为动词的非限定式，主要有不 定式，v+ing, v+ed三种形式 非谓语动词有双重性质，既有动词的特点， （有时态、语态的变化，能被状语修饰，也有 自己的宾语。）又有非动词的特点（替代名词 或形容词。） 非谓语动词的语法成份：在句中可作非谓语之 外的其他各种成份，如主语，表语，补语，宾 语，定语和状语。



3.如果主语和表语都是非谓语动词，两 者应保持同样的形式，或同为不定式， 或同为动名词。 A is to B what C is to D. 水对鱼就象空气对人一样重要。

Water is to fish what air is to man.
真题演练(2001)


———— is not a serious disadvantage in life. A. to be not tall B. not to be tall C. being not tall D. not being tall D. 在BD两项中选一项
2. 非谓语动词作宾语

1.to do 和doing可作宾语，done不行 To do 表未完成或未发生，doing表已完成或已 发生。 1）接to do的动词：afford/agree/aim/apply arrange/ ask/ beg/ choose/ claim/ dare/ decide/ decline/ demand/ desire/ determine/ expect/ fail/ guarantee/ hope/ manage/ offer/ ought / plan/ prepare/ presume/ pretend/ proceed/ promise/ refuse/ request/ resolve/ seek/ strive/ swear/ threaten/ undertake/ volunteer/ wish 等
有关独立主格的2道专四试题
There ____nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier. A. is B. was C being D have 答案选being. With all the data he needed _____,Peter began to write his thesis. A collected B. to collect C. collecting D. 答案是 collected
（二） 独立主格结构的特点： 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独 立存在。 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词 等是主谓关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 4）用分词时表示主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过 去分词； （三）其作用相当于状语，多用来表示行为、方式或伴 随的情况，有时也用来表示时间和条件。这种结构多 用在书面语中。