[高考]专四语法非谓语动词

B. 有些动词后只能接不定式，如： afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, attempt, bother, claim, determine, desire, endeavor, expect, fail, guarantee, intend, long, plan, prepare, pretend, refuse, request, resolve, tend, venture, volunteer, etc.
abroad very soon.
A. there being a chance B. there to be a chance
C. there be a chance D. being a chance 介词后用动名词，表示存在时必须用there be句型，所以答案为A，这也是动名词复合 结构，there为动名词的逻辑主语。
4. 不定式做主语补足语： 掌握常用不定式做主语补足语的句型。注
意不定式表示的动作发生的时间，并采用 相应形式。如：
be said / reported / thought / believed / known / supposed + to do sth.
真题举例
1. The Minister of France is believed _____ of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue.(04, 58） A. that he is thinking B. to be thinking C. that he is to think D. to think [B] 2. Professor Johnson is said _____ some significant
1、非谓语动词作主语
（1）不定式和动名词可以在句中充当主语， 但分词却不可以。不定式一般表示具体或 一次性动作，而动名词则表示一般或抽象 的多次动作。
_____ is not a serious disadvantage in life. ( 2001, 51)
A. To be not tall
非谓语动词
非谓语动词也称动词的非限定形式，它们 不可以在句中单独作谓语，也不受主语的 人称和数的限制。非谓语动词具有双重性 质，既有动词的特点：有时态，语态的变 化，能被状语修饰，也有自己的宾语；又 有非动词的特点：可以代替名词或形容词。 非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词三 种。它们可以在句中充当除谓语以外的其 他各种成分，即主语、表语、宾语、补语、 定语和状语。
To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
(4) 不定式的逻辑主语一般由介词for引导,但下列 表示人的性格行为特征的形容词做表语时, 不定式 的逻辑主语则由of引导：
absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind, thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel, selfish, lazy, wicked,
A. is B. been C. be D. being
[D]
2. Time _____, the celebration will be held as scheduled.（03, 58）
A. permit
B. permitting
C. permitted
D. permits
[B]
3. There _____ nothing for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.
B. Not to be tall
C. Being not tall
D. Not being tall
[D]【详解】非谓语动词在句中作了主语。非谓语 动词的否定式，要直接在非谓语动词前加not，因 此可以直接排除[A]和[C]。动名词和不定式都可以
作句子主语，但动名词表示一贯性动作，不定式
表示具体的一次性动作。个子不高是一贯的事实， 应用动名词形式，所以[D]正确。
[C]
2. _____ is not a serious disadvantage in life.(01, 61 )
A. To be not tall
B. Not to be tall
C. Being not tall
D. Not being tall
[D]
(5)不定式做结果状语只能出现在句子的末 尾，表示不愉快的结果，有时用only加强语 气。
因、时间、方式、伴随、让步、结果等。 不定式常在句中作目的状语，而分词一般 不具备这种功能；分词能表示时间或伴随 情况，不定式却不能这样用。如：
He came to see me.
Singing a song, they came into the classroom.
(2) 当分词有了自己的逻辑主语，便构成了 分词的独立结构，在句中作状语，表示时 间、伴随、原因和条件等。分词独立主格 结构只是句子的一个部分。如：
真题举例
What’s the chance of _____ a general election this year? (05, 61)
A. there being B. there to be百度文库
C. there be
D. there going to be
[A]
3. 非谓语动词作状语 （1）不定式和分词都可以作状语，表示原
(00, 55) A. to be B. to have been C. being D. be [C]
(3) 主语应与分词保持一致。 主语应与分词保持一致，避免悬垂分词的出现。
也就是要避免既不带自己的主语，又不以句子主 语作自己的逻辑主语的分词短语。例如下面的句 子就是错误的：
Hearing the terrible news, her eyes filled with tears. 由于主语her eyes不能发出hearing的动作，所以本
wrong。如：
Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to stay healthy.
It’s clever of you to have invented such a device.
2、非谓语动词作宾语 （1）不定式和动名词可以在句中充当宾语，但分
A. Obtaining not a ticket for the match
B. Not obtaining a ticket for the match
C. Not having obtained a ticket for the match
D. Not obtained a ticket for the match
mention, mind, pardon, practice, postpone, recall， recollect，risk, resist, suggest, tolerate。如：
I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.
C. 有些动词后既能接不定式又能接动名词， 如：love, like, hate, begin, start, etc. 这时，二 者的差别不大，主要在于：不定式一般表 示具体或一次性动作，而动名词则表示一 般或抽象的多次动作。如：
I like getting up early. 我喜欢早起。（一种 生活习惯）
All flights having been canceled because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train.
Darkness setting in, the young couple lingered on merrymaking.
词却不可以。
A. 有些动词后只能接动名词，如：abandon, acknowledge, advocate, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, admit, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, excuse, fancy, favor, finish, forgive, imagine, involve, justify,
常见的不定式动词有find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce等。如：
Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, only to find it locked.
Time permitting, we will have a meeting.
真题举例
1.Agriculture is the country’s chief source of wealth, wheat _____ by far the biggest cereal crop. (03, 51)
The girl's being educated in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.
I would appreciate your keeping it a secret.
Ann never dreams of _____ for her to be sent
I hate to get up early tomorrow. 我讨厌明天要 早起。（一次性的行为）
D. 有些动词后既能接不定式又能接动名词，如： remember, forget, stop, etc. 此时，二者的差别很大， 需要加以区别。
E. 动名词复合结构可以做主语、宾语和表 语，在对动名词的考查中总是将其逻辑主 语包括进来，形成动名词的复合结构：
句是错误的。可以这样改：Hearing the terrible news, she burst into tears. 一听到这个可怕的消息， 她就哭了起来。
（4）非谓语动词作主语和状语时，若要使 用其否定形式，则需要将否定词放在整个 非谓语动词结构之前。
真题举例
1. _____, he can now only watch it on TV at home.(98, 45）
I don‘t mind _____ the decision as long as it is not too late.
A. you to delay making B. your delaying making C. you delaying to make D. you delay to make Mind要求接动名词,动名词的逻辑主语用形 容词性物主代词，答案自然是B。
真题举例
The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country, _____ by the police each time.(99, 42)
A. had been captured B. being always captured C. only to be captured D. unfortunately captured [C]
(2) 不定式和动名词都可以用it来代替作形式 主语，但在含有no，-less等否定词的句子里， 常用动名词作主语。如：
It is useless talking with her.
It is no good discussing with her.
(3) 如果主语和表语都是非谓语动词，两者 应保持同样的形式，或同为不定式，或同 为动名词。如：