(完整版)高中虚拟语气用法详解

一、什么是虚拟语气

虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。

If I were you, I'd take them away. 如果我是你的话，我就会带走他们。 (不可能是你，所以这是不存在的事实，所以用虚拟语气)

If I had met Tom, I could have told him. 如果我碰见了Tom ，我就告诉他了。

If I had time, I could come to help you. 如果我有时间，我会来帮助你的。

He suggested that our class should be divided into five groups. 他建议说我们的班应该分成五个小组。

He speaks to us as if he had been there. 他给我们讲的好像他去过那儿。

二、虚拟语气的用法

虚拟语气在一般用于简单句，宾语从句，主语从句，表语从句，壮语从句以及同位于从句。(下面我们分别看一下)

1) 虚拟语气用在简单句中，表示祝愿，命令，它的谓语动词就是原形。

May you be happy. 祝你幸福。

May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。

May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。

Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！

You go out ！你出去！

2) 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中。

在suggest, advise, propose, insist, demand, desire, request, require, decide, order, command 等动词后的宾语从句中，要用虚拟语气，表示建议、要求、决定或命令等，其谓语动词形式为should+ 动词原形，其中should 可以省略，主句中的时态不限。

We proposed that the medicine (should) be cleaned again. 我们提出把那台机器再清洗一次。

The captain ordered that we (should) leave the village before daybreak. 上尉下令叫我们在天亮前离开村庄。

The students requested that the teachers sing a song at the English evening. 学生们要求老师们在英语晚会上唱一支歌。

The workers demanded that their pay (should) be raised. 工人们要求增加工资。

He insisted that John (should) do the job. 他坚决要求约翰干这项工作。

She suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week. 她建议会议应该推迟至下一周。

［注意］ insist 作“力言”、“强调”解时宾语从句不用虚拟语气。

Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. 迈克力言他从未偷过东西。只有当作“坚决要

求” 、“坚持要”解时宾语从句才用虚拟语气。

I insist she go there with her mother. 我坚持要她同她母亲到那儿去。

Suggest作“暗示”、“表明”解时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气。

Her pale face suggested that she was seriously ill. 苍白的脸上可以看出，她病得很厉害。只有当suggest作“建议”解时，才用虚拟语气。

We suggested that the sports meet (should) be put off until next Saturday. 我们建议把运动会推迟到下星期六。

在动词wish后面的宾语从句中，表示不可能实现的愿望。汉语一般可译为“但愿…”,“可惜…”，“悔不该…”，“…就好了”等。

在宾语从句中，表示现在不可能实现的愿望时，谓语动词用过去式(动词be 的过去式用were)；

I wish it were spring all the year round. 要是一年到头都是春天该多好啊！

I wish I could help you. 但愿我能帮助你。

如表示过去未能实现的愿望时，谓语动词就用过去完成式( had+过去分词)；

She wishes she had been here last week. 她想要是她上星期在这里就好了。

表示与将来事实可能相反的愿望时，谓语动词一般用would+动词原形。

I wish you would be more careful in future. 希望你今后会更小心一些才好。

在would rather/sooner (宁愿)，would prefer (希望)后面的宾语从句中，表示与现在事实或将来可能相反愿望时，谓语动词用过去式；表示过去未能实现的愿望时，谓语动词就用过去完成式，同。

I would rather he came next Saturday. 我宁愿他下星期六来。

I would prefer he didn 'tstay there too long. 我倒希望他在那儿不要呆得太久。

3) 虚拟语气用在主语从句中。

在句型"It is important (necessary, strange, impossible, natural) that .... " 中，that 后面的从句

中的谓语动词用：should + 动词原形。

It's necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。

It's natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。

It's important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。

在句型"It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, better) that .. " 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用：should + 动词原形。

It was a great pity that you (should) have made so many mistakes in your math exercise. 太遗憾了，你居然在数学练习中犯了那么多错误

It will be better that she stay with her grandmother. 她和她的祖母在一起就好了。

在句型"It is suggested (requested, proposed, ordered) that ... "中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用：should + 动词原形。

It was suggested that the sports meet be put off until next Saturday. 大家建议把运动会推迟到下星期六。

It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight. 希望我们到今晚将一切准备就绪。

It was ordered that the medicine be sent there by plane. 命令马上用飞机把药送往那里。

4) 虚拟语气用于表语从句中。

由suggestion, order, advice, desire, idea, request, proposal 等名词做主语的句子里，其表语录从句用虚拟语气表示建议、命令或要求等。从句中的谓语动词形式为should+动词原形，其中should 可以省略。

My advice is that more trees (should) be planted around the village. 我的建议是在村庄周围多种些树。

Their proposal is that we should set up a spare time school for them. 他们的提议是要我们为他