英美概况课件 1 British education

History
➢ Historically,education was voluntary and many of the schools were set up by churches. The influence of the Church on schooling is strong.
Religious education:Christianity/Catholic
• Today the British education system is run by the state.,which provides funding , oversees standards, and tries to make sure that all British children receive a quality education. the largest department is Ministry of Education
➢ Secondary Schools • Compregensive schools(90%) ―admit children without reference to their academic abilities;provid general education.Pupils can study everything from academic subject to more practical subjects.
➢ In 1944,Education Act made entry to secondary schools and universities “meritocrat来自百度文库c”
➢ In the 1960s comprehensive schools were introduced all over the country.So were vocational schools for less successful pupils.Entrance exams were abolished and chikderen conldn’t “complete” for places
Universities in the UK
• Oxford 牛津大学
• oxford is a unique and historic institution.
• students the university of oxford's total student population numbers just over 16,100 (students in residence, 1998-9). almost a quarter of these students are from overseas, including the countries of the european union. •
more than 130 nationalities are represented among our student body. almost 5,000 students are engaged in postgraduate work. of these, around 3,000 are working in the arts and humanities. • staff • oxford's current academic community includes 76 fellows of the royal society and 105 fellows of the british academy. a further 97 emeritus and honorary college fellows are also fellows of the british academy, and 142 emeritus and honorary college fellows are fellows of the royal society.
➢Nursery Schools ―many facilities are provided by private enterprise.Government provides some financial support.
➢Primary Schools (co-educational /mixed schools ) ―state sector
• In the 1960s there was a large expansion,many new universities were built.
• In 1992 the number grew again when polytechnics and other higher education establishments were given the right to become universities
Pupils who want to go to university will take the exam.They try to achieve 3 or 4 A-levels in the subjects they are most proficient at.
• GNVQ― General National Vocational Qualifications
• Grammar schools―select children At the age 11, through an
examination called “the 11-plus”.
Those children with the highest
marks go to grammar schools. These
It ‘s equivalent of A-levels.Pupils who decide not to university may choose to take vocational training.
Higher Educatin
➢State Universities except the University of Buckingham
➢ in 1989, National Curriculum were introduced, which contained English, mathematics, science,religious education, history, geography, technology, music, art, PE, and a modern foreign language. Pupils must pass national tests. All teachers are told what to teach rather than decide themselves on what to do and schools are ranked according to the success of their pupils in reaching national targets as well as teachers perform of their tasks.
schools lay emphasis on advanced
academic subjects rather than the more general curriculum of the comprehensive schools and expect many of their pipils to go on to universities.
• By 1994 , 83 universities
➢Features of Universities
• Students of different ages and nationalities study many different things.
• Universities have traditionally been rather elitist as well as increase the numbers of and kinds of people that pursue higher education.
➢Long Histoey
• Oxford and Cambridge date from the 12thand 13th century St Andrews,
• Glasgow, Edinburgh and Aberdeen from the 14th and 15th century.The rest in 19th and 20th century
➢ The Open University ―founded in the 1960’s for people who might not get the opportunity for higher educarion for economic and social reasons.It’s open to everybody and doesn’t demand the same formal educational qualifications as the other universities. Universities courses are following through TV, correspondence,videos and a net work of study centers. Ath the end of their studies at the Open University, successful students are awarded a university degree.
/Islam
Before 1870,only 40% of children under 10 went to school regulary.
➢ In 1870 the government passed a law called government-founded education
➢ By 1880, attendance at school for children between 5 and 10 was compulsory.
➢State Interference
heavily involved in deciding when, where, how and what children are taught,but very controversial
➢Endureing Feature
the continuing debate over how”equal” educational opportunity should be.
British Education
System
British Education System
◆Introduction ◆History ◆The Present Education System ◆Higher Educatin
Introduction ➢ Purpose
Not only provide children with Literacy and the other basic skills but also socialize children.
The Present Education system
➢Compulsory
➢Free Choices
State Schools―founded by local and central government
Private schools (independent schools) ―founded by private sector and tuition rates,with some government assistance.
• GCSE―General Certificate of Secondary Education
English,Northern Irish and Welsh students sit their GCSEs after 5 years of secondary education.
• GCEA―General Certificate of EducationAdvanced