2017年上海大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解(回忆版)(英译汉)【圣才出品】

2017年上海大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解（回忆版）（英译汉）

一、词条翻译（记住的如下）

1. 供给侧改革

【答案】supply-side reform

2. 精准扶贫，精准脱贫

【答案】take targeted measures to help people lift themselves out of poverty

3. 洪荒之力

【答案】prehistorical powers

4. 创新驱动发展

【答案】innovation-driven development

5. 商界大咖

【答案】business biggie

二、翻译理论简答

原本以为出翻译理论题，也就和以往一样十几分的题，结果一下子分值涨到50分，整张试卷分值最大的一题，英文提问的，给了中文的《三字经》里的一段“子不学非所宜，幼不学老何”等等为一大段，然后给了俩篇不同类型的译文让我们做评价。当然这不外乎从直

译意译形合意合归化异化的角度，作答，所以背诵这些翻译策略的英文版至关重要！！！因为分值很大，尽量多写，能想到的翻译理论和策略都往上写。多写不扣分。

三、段落翻译（汉英互译各40分）

TEXT A 汉译英

大致内容讲的是环境保护之类的。

TEXT B 英译汉

The Happiness of Pursuit

Americans are free to pursue happiness, but there’s no guarantee we’ll achieve it. The secret is knowing how—and where—to look.

If you’re an American and you’re not having fun, it just might be your own fault. Our long national expedition is entering its 238th year, and from the start, it was clear that this would be a bracing place to live. There would be plenty of food, plenty of land, plenty of minerals in the mountains and timber in the wilderness. You might have to work hard, but you’d have a grand time doing it.

That promise, for the most part, has been kept. There would be land rushes and gold rushes and wagon trains and riverboats and cities built hard against cities until there was no place to build but up, so we went in that direction too. We created outrageous things just because we could—the Hoover Dam, the Golden Gate Bridge, the Empire State Building, which started to rise the year after the stock market crashed, because what better way to respond to a global economic crisis

th an to build the world’s tallest skyscraper? We got to the moon 40 years later and, true to our hot-rodding spirit, soon contrived to get a car up there as well. The tire tracks left on the lunar surface (tracks that are still there) are the real American graffiti.

All human beings may come equipped with the pursuit-of-happiness impulse—the urge to find lusher land just over the hill, fatter buffalo in the next valley—but it’s Americans who have codified the idea, written it into the Declaration of Independence and made it a central mandate of the national character. American happiness would never be about savor-the-moment contentment. That way lay the reflective café culture of the Old World—fine for Europe, not for Jamestown. Our happiness would be bred, instead, of an almost adolescent restlessness, an itch to do the Next Big Thing. The terms of the deal the founders offered are not easy: there’s no guarantee that we’ll actually achieve happiness, but we can go after it in almost any way we choose. All by itself, that freedom ought to bring us joy, but the more cramped, distracted, maddeningly kinetic nature of the modern world has made it harder than ever. Somehow there must be a way to thread that needle, to reconcile the contradictions between our pioneer impulses and our contemporary selves.

【参考译文】

美国人可以自由地追求幸福，但不能保证我们能做到。秘诀在于知道如何做，去哪找。

如果你是个美国人，但你却没有在享受乐趣，这可能是你自己的不是了。我们的国民在这里开拓已经长达238个年头。显而易见的是：从一开始，这块土地就是鱼米之乡。这里

有丰富的物产，广袤的土地，群山之中贮存着丰富的矿产，沃野之中生长着大片的树林。你可能只需要努力工作，这样你的收益就会如愿以偿。

大部分人的愿望在这片土地上得以实现。“土地热”，“淘金热”，成群的马车队，一艘艘往来的江轮，一座座城市如雨后春笋般从平地矗立起来，直到无处可建时，我们只能往上发展了。所以我们也是朝这个方向前进的。因为我们有这个能力，我们创造了一些了不起的建筑物——胡佛水坝，金门大桥，帝国大厦——这些都是在股票市场崩溃后的当年兴建起来的。因为没有什么方法比建造世界最高的摩天大楼更能应对全球金融危机的了。多亏我们锲而不舍的精神，紧接着40年后，我们登上了月球，我们随之成功地把月球车也送了上去。留在月球表面的车轮印（车轮印至今还留在月球上）才是一副真正的美国风情画。

所有人类可能都有与生俱来的追求幸福的激情——急切盼望越过山坡去寻找山后面那片郁郁葱葱的土地、山谷里那头壮硕的水牛。但正是美国人将这一想法编进了法典，将其写入《独立宣言》，使其成为整个国民都恪守的准则。美国人的幸福绝不会是满足享受当下这么简单。“享受当下”反映了旧大陆的咖啡文化，这对于欧洲人来说是极好的，而对像詹姆斯敦这样的美国城市却是毫无吸引力的。相反，我们的幸福来源于青少年不满足于现状，他们恨不得一下子干一件惊天动地的大事。美国建国者所提出的条件是不容易兑现的：没有什么会保证我们终将获得幸福，但是我们可以自己去选择任意一条道路追寻幸福。凡事都亲力亲为，这种自由本应给我们带来欢乐，可是现代社会越发束缚人性，让人心烦意乱，虽富有活力却每每让人四顾茫茫，无所适从，使得欢乐离我们越来越远。无论如何，天无绝人之路。总有办法缓解我们先辈那种雄心壮志与我们当今的窘况之间的矛盾。