英国文学term

Term

1.The Ballads （叙事，诗歌）p17

The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad. A ballad is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed.Of paramount importance are the ballads of Robin Hood

英国民间文学中最重要的一个分支是民谣。民谣是一个以诗歌形式讲述的故事, 通常每节有四行，第二行和第四行押韵。

2.Romance 传奇文学p8

The most prevailing kind of literature in feudal England was the romance. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventure of a noble hero. The central character of romances was the knight, a man of noble. The code of manners and morals of a knight is known as chivalry. The most popular Romance is about king Arthur and his knight of the round table.

封建时期的英国最流行的文学形式是传奇文学。传奇文学的作品篇幅较长，有时是诗歌的形式，有时是散文的形式，描写贵族英雄的生活和冒险故事。传奇文学的中心人物是贵族出身的善于使用武器的骑士。骑士的礼貌和道德被称为骑士精神。最著名的罗曼司是亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士。

3.Utopia 乌托邦p33

Utopia is More’s masterpiece, written in the form of a conversation; it

is divided into two books. The first book contains a long discussion on the social conditions of England. The second book is described in detail an ideal communist society, Utopia, The name “Utopia” comes from two Greek words meaning “no place” .

《乌托邦》是莫尔的代表作，以对话的形式写成。此书分为两卷，第一卷以大量的篇幅讨论了英国的社会现状，第二卷详细描述了一个理想的共产主义社会——乌托邦。乌托邦这个词源于两个希腊词语，意思是“乌有之乡”

4. University wits 大学才子派p49

There was a group of so-called “university wits” (Lyly, Peele, Marlowe, Greene, Lodge and Nash) who wrote for the stage of the time. They were all of humble birth and struggled for a livelihood through writing. They entered the dramatic circle between the years 1587 and 1593.

有一群“大学才子”（黎里、皮埃尔、马洛、格林、罗吉、纳什）为当时的舞台进行创作。他们都出身低微，以写作来谋求生计，并于1587年到1593年间进入戏剧界。

5.Metaphysical poets 玄学派诗人p116

About the beginning of the 17th century appeared a school of poets called “Metaphysicals” by Samuel Johnson, the 18th century writer. The works of the Metaphysical poets are characterized, generally speaking, by mysticism in content and fantasticality in form.

大约17世纪之初，就出现了一个被18世纪作家赛繆尔约翰逊称为

玄学派诗人的诗歌流派。大致上讲，选学派诗人的作品都以内容神秘而形成荒诞为特点。

6.Sentimentalism 感伤主义p192

By the middle of the 18th century, a literary school called sentimentalism came into being as the result of a bitter discontent among the enlightened people with social reality. It dissatisfied with reason, appealed to sentiment. Sentimentalism turned to the countryside for its material, and so is in striking contrast to classicism.

到18世纪中期，感伤主义受到于形成启蒙思想影响而对社会现实强烈不满的人群中。由于不满于理性，转而推崇情感，推崇“人心”。感伤主义从乡村寻找写作素材，这与古典主义形成鲜明对比。

7.New Classicism 新古典主义p128

The classicists modelled themselves on Greek and Latin authors, and tried to control literary creation by some fixed laws and rules drawn from Greek and Latin works. Rimed couplet instead of blank verse, the three unities of time, place and action, regularity in construction, and the presentation of types rather than individuals—these were some of the standards the classicists required of drama.

古典主义者们将古希腊和拉丁作家作为他们的楷模，试图用希腊和拉丁作品中获取的规范和准则来支配他们的文学创作。用对句诗代替无韵诗，时间空间行为的三重统一，结构的规律性，类型刻画而非个体刻画——这些都属于古典主义者们对于戏剧写作的要求。