初中语法——非谓语动词(20210102000754)

非谓语动词

非谓语动词是指在句子起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。动词的非谓语动词形式分为动词不定式，动词ing形式和分词（现在分词和过去分词）初中阶段重点掌握不定式和动词ing形式的基本用法。

考点一动词不定式：

1.形式：to+动词原形（肯定）/not （never） to +动词原形（否定）如：

The teacher told me to come here on time tomorrow.

（肯定）老师告诉我明天要按时到这里。

The teacher told me not （n ever）to come here on time tomorrow.

（否定）老师告诉我明天不用按时到这里。

2用法：

（1）作主语（可用it来作形式主语，将真主语置后）。

To learn English is very important ------ It is very important to learn English .

学习英语很重要。

（2）作宾语。

A. 做动词的宾语：

Suddenly it began to rain .（to rain 做began 的宾语）突然天开始下雨。

I hope to see the famous scientist.（to se做hope 的宾语）

我希望看到这著名的科学家。

经常接不定式作宾语的动词有:

B. 和疑问词who, what, how ,when , where, which等连用作tell, ask, know, show等动词宾语。如: I don't kn ow what to do.我不知道做什么。

She showed us how to do it她向我们展示怎样去做那东西。

C. 用it来做形式宾语，将其真宾语置后。如：

We find it possible to eat 10 apples at one time .

我发现一次吃10个苹果是有可能的。

（3）作宾补。

My father asked Mary to buy some salt book.（Mary 在句子中作宾语，to buy 补充说明Mary 要做的事）我爸叫玛丽去买些盐回来。

Mr. Li told us not to play computer games in the net bar.（us在句子中作宾语，not to play 补充说明us不要做的事）李老师告诉我们不要在网吧玩电游。

类似用法的动词有：

（4）作定语。

Would you like something to drink?（to drink 作定语修饰something）

你想要来些喝的东西吗？

I have a lot of homework to do.（to do作定语修饰homework）我有很多作业要做。

This is the room for me to live in .（ to live in 作定语修饰room）这是给我住的房间。

（5）作状语。

He went there to see his grandpa .（to se作目的状语）

他去那里目的是去看他的爷爷。

The boy is old eno ugh to leann to drive a car. （to leann 作结果状语）

这男孩够大去学开小车。

3. 省to的不定式。

使役动词和感官动词，后带宾语，再接不定式作宾补时，主动语态时不定式要省to,被动语态

I saw a boy go across the road just now我看见有个男孩刚才过了马路。Look! Can you see the boy going across the road ?

看，你能看见那个男孩正在过马路吗？

4. 不带to的常用句型。

考点2动词ing形式（动名词）

形式的单词，短语，句型归纳如下:

后接动词须用动词

考点3分词

现在分词（即动词ing形式）一般用来修饰事物，过去分词（动词的ed形式一般用来修饰人）＜如: The football match is very exciting. All the fans are very excited after that这是一场非常激动人心的足球赛，赛后所有的球迷都很激动。（exciting修饰事物football match, excited修饰人the fans）

课堂练习：

( ) 1. Can you let me __________ home a little earlier?

( ) 2. We are not sure ____________

( ) 3. John knows ___________ a computer.

A. how to use

B. how use

( ) 4. He went _________ his sister yesterday.

A. and see

B. saw

C. to see

( ) 5. The teacher often tells Tim _________ too much time playing computer games.

A. not to spend

B. to not spend

C. doesn ‘ t spend

( ) 6.The two watches are both very beautiful. I really don

‘ t know _________

A. what to choose

B. which to choose

C. to choose what

D. to choose which

( ) 7. The students of Class One will spend their winter holiday in Shenzhen, but the students of

Class Two haven ‘ t decided ___________ .

A. what to buy

B. how to go

C. where to go

D. which to choose (

)8. -Can you tell me _________ En glish at home?

-Liste n to the En glish program and do a lot of readi ng. A. how to read B. how to learn

C. when to use

D. where to use

(

) 9. We ‘re looking forward to ________ the World Cup 2006 in Germany. A. visiting

B. watching

C. looking

( ) 10. Doctor Wang often asks us _______ too much meat. A. don ‘t eat

B. not eat

C. not to eat

D. doesn ‘t

(

) 11. Tom ‘s mother asked him __________ some washing after dinner. A. to do

B. does

C. do

D. did

(

) 12. -We can use QQ to chat with each other on the Internet.

-Really? Will you please show me _________ it?

A. how to use

B. what to use

C. how can I use

D. what can I use

(

) 13. Try to sing more English songs, you will find it interesting _______ a foreign language. A. learning B. learns

C. learn

D. to learn

(

)14. It took me two weeks ___ reading the novels written by Guo Jingming.

A. go

B. going

C. to go

A. when to leave

B. when leave

C. when leaves

C. how uses