管理学考试(英文版)

填空题

1.Henry Mintzberg’s Management Roles

interpersonal roles

informational roles

decisional roles

2. Management Skills

technical skills

human skills

conceptual skills

3.Management Theories

scientific management

general administrative theorists

quantitative approach

organizational behavior

systems approach

contingency approach

4.Two components of the external environment

the specific environment

the general environment

5.The Global Attitudes

ethnocentric attitude

polycentric attitude

geocentric attitude

6.How organizations go international?

global souring

exporting

importing

licensing

franchising

strategic alliances

joint venture

foreign subsidiary

7.Geert Hofstede’s five dimensions of national culture individualism versus collectivism

power distance

uncertainty avoidance

achievement versus nurturing

long-term and short-term orientation

8.Two views of social responsibility

the classical view

the socioeconomic view

9.Three stages/levels of moral development preconventional level

conventional level

principled level

10.Four decision-making styles

directive style

analytic style

conceptual style

behavioral style

11.Decision-making errors and biases

anchoring effect

selective perception bias

confirmation bias

framing bias

availability bias

representation bias

randomness bias

sunk costs errors

self-serving bias

hindsight bias

12.Types of plans

Breadth:strategic plans//operational plans

Time frame:long-term plans//short-term plans

Specificity:directional plans//specific plans

Frequency of use:single-use plan//standing plans 13.Types of organizational strategy

corporate strategy

business strategy

functional strategy

14.Three main types of corporate strategies

growth strategy

stability strategy

renewal strategy

15.Three generic competitive strategies

cost leadership strategy

differentiation strategy

focus strategy

16.Six elements of organizational design

work specialization

departmentalization

chain of command

span of control

centralization and decentralization

formalization

17.Two generic models of organizational design

mechanistic organization

organic organization

18.Seven elements of the communication process:

the communication source

the message

encoding

the channel

decoding

the receiver

feedback

19.Barriers to effective interpersonal communication

filtering

emotions

information overload

defensiveness

language

national culture

20.Types of communication networks

chain network

wheel network

all-channel network

21.Eight elements of human resource management process

human resource planning

recruitment

selection

orientation

training

performance management

compensation and benefits

career development

22.Types of selection devices

application forms

written tests

performances-simulation tests

interviews

background investigations

physical examinations

23.Performance appraisal methods

written essays//critical incidents//graphic rating scales

behaviorally anchored rating scales

multiperson comparisons

management by objectives